C1041
Body Composition / Carcass Analysis (per animal)
Total body composition in live, un-anaesthetized small animals and carcasses will reveal absolute amounts of body fat, lean tissue and body water via quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR).
References:
Tinsley FC, Taicher GZ, Heiman ML. Evaluation of a quantitative magnetic resonance method for mouse whole body composition analysis. Obes Res. 2004 Jan;12(1):150-60.
$13/animal
C1042
Energy Expenditure Measurements
Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production is measured using indirect calorimetry. The Columbus Instruments Oxymax Equal Flow System is an indirect open circuit calorimeter designed to simultaneously measure metabolic performance of multiple subjects that have similar ventilation needs. uses an open circuit calorimetry technique. This system allows sixteen animal cages to be simultaneously monitored. Variables provided by this measurement include VO2, VCO2, RQ, and HEAT.
$358/run of 16 animals
C1043
CLAMS- Activity Measurements (per run of 16 mice)
This multi-channel activity monitor supports a variety of sensor lengths and configurations. Up to 32 channels are supported providing both ambulatory and total counts for each channel.
$278/per run of 16 mice
C1044
Meal Pattern Analysis - Food Intake Procedure
DietMax Meal Pattern Analysis
$308/run of 16 animals
C1045
CLAMS- Simultaneous Energy Expenditure, Activity, and Food Intake Measurements (per run of 16 mice)
This service incorporates multiple measurement parameters such as feeding mass/bouts, drinking volume, VO2 and VCO2, etc.
$589.00/per run of 16 mice
C1051
Intestinal lipid absorption in the conscious mouse-lymph fistula (per animal)
This procedure enables the study of the intestinal digestion, absorption and lymphatic transport of dietary lipid in the conscious mouse. By infusing the lipid test meal intraduadenally at a constant rate, the lymphatic lipid output usually reaches a steady rate by the 3rd or 4th hour. Thus, lymphatic lipid output during the 5th or 6th hour represents the amount of lipid transported by the small intestine under steady-state conditions. At the end of the study, both luminal as well as mucosal radioactive lipids can be collected. Thus one can obtain a considerable amount of information regarding the digestion, uptake and mucosal esterification and the lymphatic transport of lipids.
$431/animal
C1052
Lipid Profiles (TG, CHOL, PL, NEFA)(per set of 38 samples)
Plasma lipid profiles
$475/set of 38 samples
C1054
Lipoprotein fractionation by FPLC (per sample)
To obtain a more precise determination of lipids and apolipoproteins in the different lipoprotein fractions, the lipoproteins of plasma or lymph can be separated using Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography. This method is sometimes preferred over ultracentrifugation as the amount of blood required is much lower. The lipoproteins in each column fraction will be separated by agarose electrophoresis and stained to identify VLDL remnants, LDL, apo E-containing large HDL particles, small alpha migrating HDL and pre-beta HDL.
$37/sample
C1055
Metabolism of chylomicrons (per sample)
The intestinal lymph duct and duodenum will be surgically cannulated. Chylomicrons are harvested and sized by negative staining. A small sample will be delipidated, and the apoprotein composition will be analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Labeled CM is injected into mice and the plasma clearance rate is calculated as well as a determination of the uptake by the liver.
$290/animal
C1057
Free Fatty Acids (NEFA) Concentration (per set of 38 samples)
Determinations of substrates (free fatty acids) in blood will be made using specific biochemical reactions that generate a specific color in proportion to their concentration. Reactions will be run in microtiter plates and analyzed on a plate reader. Using this method assays can be performed on small (5-25ul) samples of plasma or serum.
$225/set of 38 samples
C1058
ß-hydroxybutyrate concentration (per set of 38 samples)
Determinations of substrates (B-hydroxybutyrate) in blood will be made using specific biochemical reactions that generate a specific color in proportion to their concentration. Reactions will be run in microtiter plates and analyzed on a plate reader. Using this method assays can be performed on small (5-25ul) samples of plasma or serum.
$257/set of 38 samples
C1059
Non-invasive measurement of intestinal fat absorption (each)
Non-invasive measurement of fat absorption
$58/animal
C1060
Phospholipids concentration (per set of 38 samples)
Chemical determination of phospholipid
$90/set of 38 samples
C1061
Adiponectin concentration (per set of 38 samples)
Serum/Plasma Adiponectin
$338/set of 38 samples
C1070
Glucose tolerance test GTT (intraperitoneal) (per animal)
Mice will be fasted for 4 hours and anesthetized. A fasting blood sample will be removed from the tail vein and a concentrated solution of glucose injected into the abdominal cavity of the mice through a needle passed through the abdominal skin. Blood samples will be removed from the tail vein 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes later. Samples of plasma obtained during the test will be measured for concentrations of glucose and insulin.
$265/animal
C1071
Glucose tolerance test GTT (oral) (per animal)
Determinations of substrates (glucose) in blood will be made using specific biochemical reactions that generate a specific color in proportion to their concentration. Reactions will be run in microtiter plates and analyzed on a plate reader. Using this method assays can be performed on small (5-25ul) samples of plasma or serum.
$284/animal
C1072
Insulin Tolerance Test (per animal)
Mice will be fasted for 4 hours and anesthetized. A fasting blood sample will be removed from the tail vein and insulin (0.5mU/g) will be injected into the abdominal cavity. Blood samples will be removed from the tail vein 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes later. samples of plasma obtained during the test will be measured for concentrations of glucose and insulin.
$262/animal
C1081
C-peptide concentration (per set of 38 samples)
Plasma concentrations of C-peptide are determined using radioimmunoassay kits available from Linco Inc. (St. Louis, MO)
$347/set of 38 samples
C1083
Cholesterol (total) (per set of 38 samples)
Total cholesterol will be measured using a colorimetric assay. Reactions will be run in microtiter plates and analyzed on a plate reader. Using this method assays can be performed on small (5-25ul) samples of plasma or serum.
$65/set of 38 samples
C1083-CHEM
Cholesterol Assay in Tissue- Chemical Method (per set of 12)
Cholesterol is measured in lipid extracted via Folch extraction from tissue. This service is completed in conjunction with C1104.
$89.00/ per set of 12
C1083-FPLC
Cholesterol Assay- FPLC Fractions (per sample)
Cholesterol is measured in FPLC fractions to determine the concentrations of VLDL-Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, and HDL-Cholesterol. This service is completed in conjunction with C1054.
$87.00/per sample
C1085
Glucagon concentration (per set of 38 samples)
Plasma concentrations of glucagon are determined using radioimmunoassay kits available from Linco Inc. (St. Louis, MO)
$438/set of 38 samples
C1086
GLP-1 concentration (per set of 38 samples)
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) concentrations are measured using a specific radioimmunoassay.
$330/set of 38 samples
C1087
Glucose concentration (per set of 38 samples)
Glucose enrichment and concentration
$65/set of 38 samples
C1088
GIP concentration (per set of 38 samples)
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is measured by radioimmunoassay.
$338/set of 38 samples
C1089
Insulin Assay (per set of 38 samples)
Concentrations of insulin in plasma or serum are determined using a sensitive radioimmunoassay that is specific for insulin but also reacts with proinsulin. The assay has been sensitized such that concentrations of insulin can be determined in small (10-25 ul) aliquots of serum/plasma. The assay has been used to detect insulin concentrations in other body fluids such as lymph and cerebrospinal fluid.
$322/set of 38 samples
C1090
Leptin concentration (per set of 38 samples)
Plasma concentrations of leptin are determined using radioimmunoassay kits available fro Linco Inc. (St. Louis, MO)
$327/set of 38 samples
C1092
Triglyceride concentration (per set of 38 samples)
Determinations of triglycerides in plasma/serum/lymph will be made using a specific colorimetric assay. Reactions will be run in microtiter plates and analyzed on a plate reader. Using this method assays can be performed on small (5-25ul) samples of plasma or serum.
$128/set of 38 samples
C1092-CHEM
Triglyceride Assay in Tissue- Chemical Method (per set of 12 samples)
Triglycerides are measured in lipid extracted via Folch extraction from tissue. This service is completed in conjunction with C1104.
$137.00/ per set of 12
C1092-FPLC
Triglyceride Assay- FPLC Fractions (per sample)
Triglycerides are measured in FPLC fractions to determine the concentrations of VLDL-Triglycerides, LDL-Triglycerides, and HDL-Triglycerides. This service is completed in conjunction with C1054
$128.00/per sample
C1103
Necropsy (tissue collection) (per animal/tissue)
Animals will be anesthetized and tissues harvested as requested. These tissue will be frozen in liquid nitrogen or fixed.
$15/animal/tissue
C1104
Lipid extraction via folch (per set of 12 samples)
Lipids will be extracted from tissues using the Folch extraction method.
Folch et al., J Biol Chem 1957, 226, 497
$354/set of 12 samples
C1105
Fatty Acid analysis via GC (each)
Samples are saponified and methylated for GC analysis. The extracted solution is injected into the GC and retention times are compared to known standards.
$52/sample
C1106
Telemetry - Cardiac parameters (per 8 mice)
Adult mice will be anesthetized and the PA-C10 telemetry device (available from Data Sciences International) will be placed SQ and anchored with suture to the abdominal muscle wall in a location that will not hinder the animal’s mobility. The catheter tip will be inserted into the animal’s left carotid artery and advanced so that it enters the aorta. Animals will be allowed to recover for at least seven days before the onset of testing. The PA-C10 device will measure physiological variables such as blood pressure, heart rate, pulse pressure and activity.
$1,138/per 8 mice
C1117
C1117 Feeding & Weighing food intake (per run of 8 mice)
Used for obesity and diabetes studies, as well as testing various feeding paradigms (e.g., macronutrient selection, binge eating).
$52.00/per run of 8 mice
C1118
C1118-Food Preference Tests (per run of 8 mice)
Used to measure reward value, sensitivity and taste preferences
$501.00/per run of 8 mice
C1119
C1119-TSE(per run of 8 mice per day in TSE apparatus)
Automated metabolic caging system to assess food and water intake, locomotor activity, and metabolic rate (oxygen consumption and CO2 production).
$729.00/per run of 8 mice per day in TSE apparatus
C1120
C1120-Running Wheel Cages (per run of 8 mice per day)
Used for obesity, metabolism, exercise and motor ability studies.
$194.00/per run of 8 mice per day
C1121
C1121-Operant fixed ratio (per set of 8 mice)
Used to measure of basic cognition/learning
$1,843.00/per set of 8 mice
C1122
C1122-Operant progressive ratio (per set of 8 mice)
Used to measure motivation to obtain food reward
$182.00/per set of 8 mice
C1123
C1123-5-choice serial reaction time trial(per set of 8 mice)
Used to assess executive function (attention and impulsivity).
$4,827.00/per set of 8 mice
C1124
C1124-Delayed discounting (per set of 8 mice)
Used to assess impulsive choice
$5,535.00/per set of 8 mice
C1125
C1125-Social learning of food stimuli (per set of 8 mice)
Used in social interaction tests of rewards and nutrient leaving
$420.00/per set of 8 mice
C1126
C1126-Conditioned taste aversion (per set of 8 mice)
Used to assess the negative effects of pharmacological agents. Often a choice test for initial preclinical testing, and a test of amygdala function.
$198.00/per set of 8 mice
C1127
C1127-Conditioned place preference (per set of 8 mice)
Used to assess the rewarding properties of a stimulus and reward learning.
$1,623.00/per set of 8 mice
C1128
C1128-Radial arm maze (per set of 8 mice)
Used to assess spatial and non spatial learning. Sensitive measure of hippocampal function. Can be used to distinguish between working (short term) and reference (long term memory).
$7,554.00/per set of 8 mice
C1129
C1129-Morris Water maze (per set of 8 mice)
Classic test to assess spatial and non spatial learning. Sensitive Measure of hippocampal function.
$1,441.00/per set of 8 mice
C1130
C1130-Hole-board maze (per set of 8 mice)
Used to assess learning, memory and stimulus discrimination.
$346.00/per set of 8 mice
C1131
C1131-Novel object recognition test (per set of 8 mice)
Used to assess working memory (prefrontal cortext and hippocampal function).
$2,195.00/per set of 8 mice
C1132
C1132-Acute stress challenge (per run of 8 mice)
Used to assess the effects of acute stress exposure on energy balance, metabolism and behavior
$368.00/per run of 8 mice
C1133
C1133-Chronic variable stress challenge (per run of 8 mice)
Used to assess the effects of long-term exposure to stress on energy balance, metabolism, and behavior.
$762.00/per run of 8 mice
C1134
C1134-Collecting post-stress plasma samples (per run of 8 mice)
Used to measure hormonal (e.g., ACTH, corticosterone, insulin) and metabolite (e.g., glucose, fatty acid) responses to stress.
$247.00/per run of 8 mice
C1135
C1135-Active and passive avoidance (per set of 8 mice)
Measures fear learning and long-term memory
$346.00/per set of 8 mice
C1136
C1136-Elevated plus maze (per run of 8 mice)
Used to assess anxiety-related behaviors.
$383.00/per run of 8 mice
C1137
C1137-Open field test (per run of 8 mice)
Used to assess anxiety-related behavior and/or general locomotor ability.
$821.00/per run of 8 mice
C1138
C1138-Forced Swim test (per run of 8 mice)
Used to assess depressive-like behavior.
$359.00/per run of 8 mice
C1139
C1139- Tail suspension test (per run of 8 mice)
Used to assess depressive-like behavior
$257.00/per run of 8 mice
C1140
C1140- Sucrose preference test (per run of 8 mice)
Used to assess taste discrimination, anhedonia (a depressive-like behavior), and reward-related phenotypes.
$416.00/per run of 8 mice
C1141
Cortisol RIA (per run of 200 tubes)
CORT RIA is a radioimmunoassay that measures seric and salivary cortisol levels.
$413.00/(per run of 200 tubes)
C1142
ACTH RIA (per run of 200 tubes)
Determine adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels using radioimmunoassay (RIA)
$538.00/per run of 200 tubes
C1143
Blood Glucose (per run of 100 samples)
Determine blood glucose levels
$285.00/per run of 100 samples
C1144
Blood Ketone (per run of 100 samples)
Ketones or ketone bodies are byproducts of fat metabolism. This test measures the amount of ketones in the blood.
$670.00/per run of 100 samples
D2001
Importation of Mice and Material
Assume 10 experimental mice {5M, 5F} and 10 WT controls {5M, 5F}
Importation of 1 crate of mice
$148.00 / $214.30 (University of California fee / all other institutions)
D2002
Per Diem
Cage/Day
$1.20 / $1.59 (University of California fee / all other institutions) per cage per day
D2003
Colony Management (if needed)
: A colony management fee is applied to projects requiring more than routine housing and care. This fee is applied on a per cage per day basis. Colony management includes (but is not limited to) projects requiring timed matings with or without plug collection; breeding with pup identification; collection of samples for genotyping; special diets.
$0.53 / $0.77 (University of California fee / all other institutions) per cage per day
D2004
Genotyping (if needed)
Some projects may require genotyping during the course of housing mice at UCD. Genotyping sampling may be done by ear punch or tail snips, depending on age. Altricial pups will be sampled by “toeing”. This fee is applied on a per sample basis, to samples submitted to the MBP Murine Genotyping Analysis laboratory for testing.
$13.00 / $18.82 (University of California fee / all other institutions) per sample
D2005
Mouse Model Purchase
Access mutant mouse models from the MMRRC or the KOMP Repositories and submit to MMPC for phenotyping
inquire
D2006
Mouse Model Creation
Create mutant mouse models de novo and submit to MMPC for phenotyping
inquire
D2007
Chronic high-fat feeding
An experimental mouse model of obesity can be generated by feeding either a high fat diet (HFD) or very high fat diet (VHFD) for specified period of time; diet based on investigator preference for study needs. Differences in body weight can be seen as soon as 2 weeks after the initiation of feeding HFD. After 4 weeks on HFD, many mice begin exhibiting hyperglycemia with the full obese phenotype measureable after 16 weeks. Within 16-20 weeks mice may experience a 20-30% increase in body weight, adipocyte hyperplasia, fat deposition in the mesentery, increased fat mass, diabetes, and hypertension. The effect of the diet on obesity development is directly related to the fat content of the diet and the length of time the animal spends on the diet with variability in severity of metabolic changes observed between individual animals. The Animal Care Core works with the users in designing a study with appropriate feeding duration and selection of diet with respect to percent and composition of fat in the diet.
Inquire – Contact UCD Animal Care Core
D2008
Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy (VSG)
Vertical sleeve Gastrectomy (VSG) is a common surgical treatment of obesity, type-2 diabetes, and other comorbidities of obesity. The VSG mouse surgical model provides researchers with a mechanism to evaluate mechanistic studies to explore the methods by which VSG bariatric surgery produces beneficial effects on obesity. Pricing includes the VSG or SHAM surgery performed on one mouse and surgical supplies. Rate does not include the, cost of the mouse, per diems, special diets, colony management fees. The Animal Care, Surgery and Pathology Core works with users to design and optimize each study, including recommendations for animal numbers, feeding strategies, and data collection.
$90.00/$120.33 per mouse
D2009
Roux en Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB)
Roux en Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) is the most effective common surgical treatment of obesity, type-2 diabetes, and other comorbidities of obesity. The RYGB mouse surgical model provides researchers with a mechanism to evaluate mechanistic studies to explore the methods by which RYGB bariatric surgery produces beneficial effects on obesity. Pricing includes the RYGB or SHAM surgery for one mouse and surgical supplies. Rate does not include the cost of the mouse, per diems, special diets, and colony management fees. The Animal Care, Surgery and Pathology Core works with users to design and optimize each study, including recommendations for animal numbers, feeding strategies, and data collection.
$130/$173 (University of California fee / all other institutions) 1 RYGB OR 1 SHAM
D2010
Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy (VSG) Package
Vertical sleeve Gastrectomy (VSG) is a common surgical treatment of obesity, type-2 diabetes, and other comorbidities of obesity. The VSG mouse surgical model provides researchers with a mechanism to evaluate mechanistic studies to explore the methods by which VSG bariatric surgery produces beneficial effects on obesity. Pricing includes surgery and surgical supplies only for one VSG, one pair fed Sham, and one ad lib Sham for a total of 3 surgeries. Rate does not include the cost of the mice, per diems, special diets, and colony management fees. The Animal Care, Surgery and Pathology Core works with users to design and optimize each study, including recommendations for animal numbers, feeding strategies, and data collection.
$268.00/$358.32 1VSG, 1 pair fed Sham, 1 ad lib Sham
D2011
Roux en Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) Package
Roux en Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) is the most effective common surgical treatment of obesity, type-2 diabetes, and other comorbidities of obesity. The RYGB mouse surgical model provides researchers with a mechanism to evaluate mechanistic studies to explore the methods by which RYGB bariatric surgery produces beneficial effects on obesity.. Pricing includes surgery and surgical supplies only for one RYGB, one pair fed Sham, and one ad lib Sham for a total of 3 surgeries. Rate does not include the cost of the mice, per diems, special diets, and colony management fees. The Animal Care, Surgery and Pathology Core works with users to design and optimize each study, including recommendations for animal numbers, feeding strategies, and data collection.
$388.00/$518.76 for 1 RYGB, 1 ad lib SHAM, 1 pair fed SHAM
D2013
MMPC mouse gross necropsy with histology
Assessment of gross and histologic changes to complement other MMPC assays; Gross necropsy with documentation of changes present. Collection and histologic processing (paraffin blocks/H&E slides) and interpretation of kidneys, liver, spleen, pancreas, heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, thymus, mesenteric lymph nodes, GI Tract, cerebrum, cerebellum, urinary bladder, and reproductive tract and additional tissues with gross changes. This includes photodocumentation of significant findings. This assay can be customized to include other target organs based on findings from other MMPC assays.
$141.29 / $204.59 (University of California fee / all other institutions) per mouse
D2014
Surgery - Data Recorder or Simple Telemetry (without cannulation)
Implantation of a simple telemetry or data recorder, per mouse. Pricing includes surgery for one animal and surgical supplies. , Rate does not include the cost of the mouse, per diems, colony management fees and telemetry device. The Animal Care, Surgery and Pathology Core works with users to design and optimize each study, including recommendations for animal numbers, device selection and data collection.
$31.00/$41.45 per mouse
D2016
Additional Pathology Services
The scope of Additional Pathology Services can encompass a wide variety of activities that can enhance routine histopathology analysis and processing.
Special tissue collections requiring special expertise, time and labor-intensive processing and analyses could be included in "Additional Pathology Services". Creation and processing of gut-rolls or special organ preparations, precise brain sectioning and processing, and a myriad of advanced photo-microscopy or "Count & Measure" analyses are possible. We have imaging analysis software that allows Pixel-Dependent reviews and analysis of stained tissues.
Inquire please. Additional services costs are dependent on technologist or pathologist technical time, special materials or special instrumentation requirements.
D2017
Clinical Chemistry, Hematology, Urine Analysis
A wide variety of clinical chemistry and hematology assays are available for characterization of rodent blood and rodent strain types. The Comparative Pathology Laboratory has special instrumentation that can analyze extremely small sample volumes. We are able to provide analytical services to many types of clients, but we are optimized for rodent researchers. Please inquire for a consultation: Main Laboratory Phone: 530-752-2832
Inquire please. Custom Chemistry Panels and CBC Hematology rates are variable, depending on types of individual tests ordered.
D3101
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test
Assessment of insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and insulin secretion in vivo.
Price include insulin/glucose assay costs.
Mice from an inbred strain with low inter-animal variability in insulin sensitivity will be run with each group of animals undergoing the IVGTTs/clamps as an internal standard.
$118.21 / $158.05 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3103
IN VIVO Insulin Tolerance Tests
Mice will be injected IP with 1mU/g of insulin. Samples will be collected at 0,15,30,45,60,90,120 min for the measurement of glucose.Plumpton,1969
Includes housing, surgery, biochemical assays to measure glucose/insulin level.
Mice from an inbred strain with low inter-animal variability will be run with each group of animals undergoing the same procedure
$96.72 / $129.31(Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3104
IN VIVO Glucose Tolerance Tests
Mice will be injected IP with 2mg/g of glucose. Samples will be collected at 0,15,30,60,120 min for the measurement of glucose.
Includes housing, surgery, biochemical assays to measure glucose/insulin level.
Mice from an inbred strain with low inter-animal variabilitywill be run with each group of animals undergoing the same procedure.
$91.34 / $122.13 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3105
IN VIVO Glucose-stimulates Insulin Secretion Test
Mice will be injected IP with 2mg/g of glucose. Samples will be collected at 0,2,5,15,30 min for the measurement of glucose and insulin.
Includes housing, surgery, biochemical assays to measure glucose/insulin level.
Mice from an inbred strain with low inter-animal variabilitywill be run with each group of animals undergoing the same procedure
$128.96 / $172.41 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3301
Lipid extraction from liver
Triglyceride and cholesterol content in liver tissue will be determined by the Folch method (Folch, 1957). Weighed tissue samples are homogenized in methanol:chloroform. After overnight extraction, 0.7% sodium chloride is added. The aqueous layer is aspirated and duplicate aliquots of the chloroform/lipid layer are dried under nitrogen gas. The lipid is reconstituted in isopropyl alcohol and assayed for TG spectrophotometrically with enzymatic reagents from Fisher Diagnostics (Middletown, VA)
$22 / $29.41 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3302
Lipid extraction from muscle
Triglyceride and cholesterol content in muscle tissue will be determined by the Folch method (Folch, 1957). Weighed tissue samples are homogenized in methanol:chloroform. After overnight extraction, 0.7% sodium chloride is added. The aqueous layer is aspirated and duplicate aliquots of the chloroform/lipid layer are dried under nitrogen gas. The lipid is reconstituted in isopropyl alcohol and assayed for TG spectrophotometrically with enzymatic reagents from Fisher Diagnostics (Middletown, VA)
$22 / $29.41 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3401
Glucose (urine/plasma)
Hyperglycemia/ glycosuria
Thermo microplate (5ul) enzymatic assay
$6 / $8.02 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3402
Hemoglobin A1C
Index of long-term glycemic control.
Diazyme (20ul whole blood) enzymatic assay.
$11 / $14.71 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3403
beta-OH butyrate
Markers of ketosis.
Millipore-Sigma enzymatic assay (20ul for duplicates).
$11 / $14.71 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3404
Triglyceride
This assay uses reagents from Millipore-Sigma and 10ul of sample is required for duplicates, an additional 5ul of sample is recommended for a sample blank if the sample is hemolyzed.
$6 / $8.02 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3405
Total Cholesterol
This assay uses reagents from Fisher Diagnostics and 10ul of sample is required for duplicates, an additional 5ul of sample is recommended for a sample blank if the sample is hemolyzed.
$6 / $8.02 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3406
HDL-C and LDL-C/VLDL-C
This assay uses a precipitation buffer from AbCam to precipitate LDL and VLDL particles and 25ul of sample is required. The cholesterol content will be determined in the HDL fraction, and this value will be subtracted from the total cholesterol of the original sample to provide the cholesterol value for the LDL/VLDL fraction.
$11 / $14.71 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3407
HDL-TG and LDL-TG/VLDL-TG
This assay uses a precipitation buffer from AbCam to precipitate LDL and VLDL particles and 25ul of sample is required. The triglyceride content will be determined in the HDL fraction, and this value will be subtracted from the total triglyceride of the original sample to provide the triglyceridel value for the LDL/VLDL fraction.
$11 / $14.71 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3408
Non esterified fatty acids
WAKO microplate (10ul for duplicates) with standard reagents from PolyMedCo
$6 / $8.02 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3412
Metabolomics
Multiple metabolite levels measured. Intensity values normalized to total metabolome content. Gass Chromatograph (GC)-Time of Flight (TOF) mass spectrometry. MS deconvolution, BinBase DB processing. compounds.
$80.60 / $107.76 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3413
Complex lipid ratios
Multiple metabolite levels measured. Intensity values normalized to total metabolome content. UPLC/QTOF mass spectrometry. MZmine data processing. Identification on accurate mass and MS/MS databases.
$80.60 / $107.76 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3414
Alanine Transaminase (ALT)
Bio-Enzymatic Assay to determine the level of Alanine Transaminase (ALT) in plasma samples (serum/EDTA). 20ul of plasma per duplicate.
ALT is measured to see if the liver is damaged or diseased. Low levels of ALT are normally found in the blood. But when the liver is damaged or diseased, it releases ALT into the bloodstream, which makes ALT levels go up. Most increases in ALT levels are caused by liver damage.
The ALT test is often done along with other tests that check for liver damage, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and bilirubin. Both ALT and AST levels are reliable tests for liver damage.
$11 / $14.71 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3415
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
Bio-Enzymatic Assay to determine the level of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)in
plasma samples (serum/EDTA). 20ul of plasma per duplicate.
AST is measured to see if the liver is damaged or diseased. Low levels of AST
are normally found in the blood. But when the liver is damaged or diseased, it
releases AST into the bloodstream, which makes AST levels go up. Most increases
in AST levels are caused by liver damage.
The AST test is often done along with other tests that check for liver damage,
including Alanine Transaminase (ALT) , alkaline phosphatase, lactate
dehydrogenase (LDH), and bilirubin. Both ALT and AST levels are reliable tests
for liver damage.
$11 / $14.71 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3431
Hormones - Generic ELISA Assay
Any hormone can be measured if it is offered in an assay format without extraction (for example IGF1, Corticosterone, Resistin, etc).
inquire
D3432
Insulin
Fasting insulin is an index of IR. Also measured for functional tests. Meso Scale Discovery (10ul for duplicates)
$14 / $18.72 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3433
C-Peptide
Proinsulin cleavage product. ALPCO ELISA (10ul)
$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3434
Proinsulin
Precursor to insulin. ALPCO ELISA (10ul)
$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3435
Leptin
Adipocyte hormone involved in energy balance/anti-steatotic Meso Scale Discovery (10ul for duplicates)
$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3436
Adiponectin (total)
Insulin-sensitizing/anti-steatotic/anti-atherogenic adipocyte hormone
Meso Scale Discovery (5ul)
$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3437
Adiponectin (HMW)
Insulin-sensitizing/anti-steatotic/anti-atherogenic adipocyte hormone. ALPCO ELISA (5ul)
$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3438
Glucagon
Counterregulatory hormone. Millipore RIA (100ul)
$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3439
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (active)
Incretin hormone. Meso Scale Discovery (20ul for duplicates)
$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3440
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (total)
Incretin hormone. Meso Scale Discovery (20ul for duplicates)
$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3441
Ghrelin
Orexigenic GI hormone. Millipore ELISA (50ul)
$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3451
Urinary Albumin Excretion
Index of renal damage/Impaired glomerular function. 24 hour urine samples are collected from animals in a metabolic cage and albmunin is measured with a standard assay kit, using Albumin Blue 580 Fluorescence
$11 / $14.71 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3452
Creatinine
Uremia products. Uses Cayman ELISA (20ul)
$11 / $14.71 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3453
Urea
Uremia products. Uses Cayman ELISA (20ul)
$11 / $14.71 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3461
Markers of Inflammation - custom panel
Inflammation plays a crucial role in atherosclerosis and contributes to insulin resistance. Up to 10 proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-?, IL-1ß, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 p70, KC/GRO, TNF-a) can be measured with 25µl of serum (50µl for duplicates) using a Meso Scale Discovery Sector Imager.
inquire
D3463
HS CRP
Associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. R&D Systems ELISA (10ul)
$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3464
Serum Amyloid A1
Displaces apo A1 from HDL. R&D ELISA (10ul)
$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3465
sICAM
Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Increased levels associated with increased risk of vascular disease. R&D ELISA (10ul)
$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3466
sVCAM
Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Increased levels associated with increased risk of vascular disease. R&D ELISA (10ul)
$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3467
sE-Selectin
Soluble E-selectin. Increased levels associated with increased risk of vascular disease. R&D ELISA (10ul)
$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3468
sP-Selectin
Soluble P-selectin. Increased levels associated with increased risk of vascular disease. R&D ELISA (10ul)
$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D3495
MISC Assay
Miscellaneous Assay
TBD
D3496
Corticosterone
10ul of serum or EDTA Plasma measured by RIA (RadioImmuno Assay)
$14 / $18.72 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D4001
Gross Body Composition
Measures adiposity and lean mass using DEXA (PixiMus)
Per mouse fee (minimum of 8 mice): $38 / $51 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D4002
Adiposity (adipose depot weights)
Measures adipose tissue weights, by manual tissue dissection.
Per mouse fee (minimum of 8 mice): $47 / $63 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D4003
Meal Pattern Analysis
Detailed analysis of food intake behavior including Avg Meal Duration-Active Eating Time (sec), Avg Meal Size (g), # of Meals, Avg Inter-Meal Interval (IMI) (sec), Total Meal Duration, Satiety Ratio, Avg Eating Rate, Avg Light-Meal Duration, Avg Dark-Meal Duration, Avg Light-Meal Size, Avg Dark-Meal Size, Avg Light-IMI, Avg Dark-IMI, Light- # Meals, Dark- # Meals, Light-Satiety Ratio, Dark-Satiety Ratio, Light-Eating Rate (g/min), Dark-Eating Rate (g/min), Food Intake/BW). "Meal" defined by minimum food intake of 0.02g and at least 10 min between food bout events.
Per mouse fee (minimum of 8 mice): $39 / $52 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D4006-C
Gut Microbiome Analysis (Illumina method-2X300bp- 20,000 avg seq read depth)
Determines differences in gut microbial community and diversity; 16S rDNA sequencing by Illumina (2X 300bp; 20K avg seq read depth) of feces, cecal, or other GI contents; correlation of results with metabolic phenotype variables. Performed with primers directed against V3-V4 (515F-806R)
Per sample fee (minimum of 10 samples): $100/ $134 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D4007
Energy Expenditure (CLAMS, Indirect Calorimetry)
Measures energy utilization and fuel preference by indirect calorimetry; gross 24 hour food and water intake; body composition by DEXA
Per mouse fee (minimum of 8 mice): $51 / $68 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D4008
Energy Expenditure (CLAMS, Indirect Calorimetry) + Meal Pattern Analysis
Measures energy utilization and fuel preference by indirect calorimetry; gross
24 hour food and water intake; body composition by DEXA
-and-
Detailed analysis of food intake behavior including Avg Meal Duration-Active
Eating Time (sec), Avg Meal Size (g), # of Meals, Avg Inter-Meal Interval (IMI)
(sec), Total Meal Duration, Satiety Ratio, Avg Eating Rate, Avg Light-Meal
Duration, Avg Dark-Meal Duration, Avg Light-Meal Size, Avg Dark-Meal Size, Avg
Light-IMI, Avg Dark-IMI, Light- # Meals, Dark- # Meals, Light-Satiety Ratio,
Dark-Satiety Ratio, Light-Eating Rate (g/min), Dark-Eating Rate (g/min), Food
Intake/BW). "Meal" defined by minimum food intake of 0.02g and at least 10 min
between food bout events.
Per mouse fee (minimum of 8 mice): $82 / $110 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D4010
Special Services
Consultation; Study design or data analysis. (Advanced data analysis or data analyses from data obtained outside core.)
Per hour: $51 / $68 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D4011
Voluntary wheel running (activity and/or exercise)
Voluntary wheel running provides detailed information on the running capacity and activity patterns (i.e., total distance, median velocity, time of breaks, etc.). This system may also be used as a means of providing voluntary exercise in metabolic or exercise based studies.
Per mouse/week fee (minimum of 8 mice): $14 / $19 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D4012
Core body temperature (temperature recorder)
Measures core body temperature with IP temperature recorder (DST-nano-T). This service is paired with Data Recorder Implant Surgery through the animal core.
Per mouse/day use fee: $6 / $8 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D5005
BP measurement by tail cuff
BP measurement by tail cuff. The technique provides a good estimate of actual systolic pressure.
$19 /$25 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D5011
CT, MRI, PET, & combinations
CT, MRI, PET, & combinations. Cardiac or brain are assessed.
http://imaging.bme.ucdavis.edu/faqs/recharge-rates/
inquire
D5101
Cognitive Function - Radial Arm Water Maze
This is a spatial learning and memory task. Animals are tested for 9 daily sessions of five trials. Each session consists of four learning trails and a fifth retention trial 30 minutes after trial four over a ten consecutive day period. Parameters such as error rate and latency aid in detecting cognitive deficits. Fees are quoted for a cohort of 8 mice.
In Development
D5102
Cognitive Function - Morris Water Maze (Male Mice)
The Morris water maze (MWM) is a widely used tool to study spatial learning and memory. It can assess learning, memory, and spatial working memory and can also indicative of damage to cortical regions of the brain. It can measure the effect of neurocognitive disorders on spatial learning and possible neural treatments, to test the effect of lesions to the brain in areas focused on memory, and to study how age influences cognitive function and spatial learning. The fee listed applies to a cohort of 8 mice.
In Development
D5103
Cognitive Function - Morris Water Maze (Female Mice)
The Morris water maze (MWM) is a widely used tool to study spatial learning and memory. It can assess learning, memory, and spatial working memory and can also indicative of damage to cortical regions of the brain. It can measure the effect of neurocognitive disorders on spatial learning and possible neural treatments, to test the effect of lesions to the brain in areas focused on memory, and to study how age influences cognitive function and spatial learning. Fees apply to a cohort of 8 Female mice.
In Development
D5104
Cognitive Function - Y Maze
The y-maze is a modification of the T- maze which evaluates memory and special learning in rodents though quantification of spontaneous alternation (a measure of spatial cognition). This measure has previously been shown to be affected in mouse models of Alzheimer’s. Fee is per mouse, 8 mouse minimum.
In Development
D5201
IBA Immunohistochemistry
Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1) is specifically expressed in macrophages / microglia and is upregulated during the activation of these cells. Iba1 expression is up-regulated in microglia following nerve injury, central nervous system ischemia, and several other brain diseases. Furthermore it has been found in athlesclerotic plaques and at sigts of vascular injury.
$109/ $146 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions) per mouse
D5202
Factor VIII Immunohistochemistry
Factor VIII is a glycoprotein present in human plasma, human endothelial cells, megakaryocytes and platelets. Immunohistochemical staining for factor VIII related antigen could be used to determine if the benign and malignant neoplastic lesions are of endothelial origin. Furthermore, it can be utilized to determine vessel density in a tissue of interest.
$109 / $146 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions) per mouse
D6001
Ex vivo assessment of barrier function/gut permeability (minimum of 8 samples)
Gut tissue (by region- e.g ileum & colon) will be opened along the mesenteric border and mounted in Ussing chambers (Physiologic Instruments, San Diego, CA, USA), exposing 0.3 cm2 of tissue surface area to 2.5ml of oxygenated Krebs-glucose (10mM) and Krebs-mannitol (10mM) at 37°C on the serosal and luminal sides, respectively. The paracellular pathway and transcellular pathway will be measured as the flux of FITC-Dextran 4000 (FD-4, Sigma –Aldrich) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP Type VI, Sigma Aldrich), respectively. FD-4 (400µg/ml) and HRP (200µg/ml) will be added to the mucosal chamber and samples will be collected from the serosal chamber every 30 min for 2 hours. Concentration of FD-4 is measured via fluorescence at excitation 485 nm, emission 538 nm. O-dianisidine substrate is used to detect HRP at absorbance 450 nm.
Per sample fee (minimum of 8 samples): $7/$10 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D6002
Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein (LBP)/Endotoxemia Assay
Plasma samples will be assayed for lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) as surrogate for bacterial LPS/measure of endotoxemia via ELISA.
Per sample fee (minimum of 10 samples): $10/ $14 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
D6003
Fecal Mouse Lipocalin-2
Lipocalin-2, also known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), 2 is a secreted glycoprotein that can be used as a biomarker of inflammation. Lipocalin-2 is expressed in intestinal epithelium and is upregulated in models of intestinal inflammation and injury. Fecal lipocalin-2 levels correlate well to other markers of intestinal inflammation. Lipocalin-2 will be measured by ELISA.
Coming soon
D6004
Fecal Mouse Calprotectin
Calprotectin is a heterodimer of calcium binding proteins S100A8 and S100A9. Calprotectin is almost exclusively expressed in neutrophils and precursors cells in the bone marrow. Fecal calprotectin levels can be used as a marker for intestinal inflammation, reflecting the recruitment and activation of neutrophils to the mucosa. Fecal calprotectin is often used clinically to diagnose inflammatory bowel diseases and correlate well to other well-established clinical markers of intestinal inflammation. Fecal homogenates will be assayed for S100A8/S100A9 heterodimer by ELISA.
Coming soon
D6005
Plasma/Serum Mouse Lipocalin-2
Lipocalin-2, also known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), 2 is a secreted glycoprotein that can be used as a biomarker of inflammation. Lipocalin-2 is increased in metabolic diseases associated with an inflammatory phenotype, including type 2 diabetes, obesity and liver steatosis. Lipocalin-2 is highly expressed in white adipose tissue and tracks obesity. Strong correlations between blood concentrations of lipocalin-2 and insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes have been noted. Lipocalin-2 can be measured in urine, blood, and feces. Lipocalin-2 will be measured by ELISA.
Coming soon
D6006
Plasma/Serum Mouse Calprotectin
Calprotectin is a heterodimer of calcium binding proteins S100A8 and S100A9. Calprotectin is almost exclusively expressed in neutrophils and precursors cells in the bone marrow. Plasma/serum calprotectin levels can be used to monitor diseases involving chronic inflammation such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Calprotectin levels often correlate with obesity and severity of metabolic disease. Plasma/Serum will be assayed for S100A8/S100A9 heterodimer by ELISA.
Coming soon
D6007
Special Services
Consultation; Study design or specialized data analysis. (Advanced data analysis or data analyses from data obtained outside core.)
Per hour: $68 / $91 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)
M1001
Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp
A survival surgery with anesthesia is performed at 4~5 days prior to the clamp to establish a chronic indwelling catheter in the right jugular vein for intravenous infusion during the clamp. On the day of experiment, a mouse fasted for overnight (14-hr; 18:00-08:00) or 5 hrs (07:00-12:00) is placed in an over-sized restrainer (i.e., rat-sized) for the experiment to be conducted in fully conscious and minimally-stressed state. The tail is tape-tethered at one end to obtain blood samples from the tail vessel during the clamp. This procedure is applied for 2 hours before the clamp (basal period) for acclimatization in this partially-restrained state and recovery from the initial handling. Intravenous catheter is connected to a microdialysis infusion pump via a 3-way connector. During the basal period, D-[3-3H]glucose is infused at 0.05 ?Ci/min to assess basal glucose turnover. A blood sample (40 ?l) is collected at the end for the basal measurement of plasma glucose, insulin, and [3H]glucose concentrations.
Following the basal period, a 2-hr hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp begins with a primed (150 mU per kg body weight) and continuous infusion of human insulin at a rate of 15 pmol/kg/min to raise plasma insulin within a physiological range (~300 pM). Blood samples (10 ?l) are collected at 10~20 min intervals for the immediate measurement of plasma glucose using glucose analyzer, and 20% dextrose is infused at variable rates to maintain basal glucose levels (~7 mM). Insulin-stimulated whole body glucose turnover rate is measured with a continuous infusion of [3H]glucose throughout the clamp (0.1 ?Ci/min).
To estimate glucose uptake in individual organs, 2-[1-14C]deoxy-D-glucose (2-[14C]DG) is administered as a bolus (10 ?Ci) at 75 min after the start of clamp. Blood samples (20 ?l) are taken at 80, 85, 90, 100, 110, and 120 min of clamp for the measurement of plasma [3H]glucose, 3H2O, and 2-[14C]DG concentrations. Additional blood sample (20 ?l) is taken at 120 min to measure clamp plasma insulin levels. At the end of clamp, the mouse is anesthetized using sodium pentobarbital, and tissue samples (gastrocnemius and quadriceps from both hindlimbs, epididymal white adipose tissue, interscapular brown adipose tissue, liver, and heart) are taken for biochemical analyses. Serum and tissue samples may be transferred to the Analytical Core for analytical measurements (e.g., insulin, adipokines).
The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp is a “gold-standard” method of measuring insulin sensitivity and generates the following metabolic data:
- Insulin-stimulated whole body glucose turnover, glycolysis, and glycogen synthesis
- Basal and insulin-stimulated rates of hepatic glucose production
- Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, and glycolysis in individual organs
Further details of the clamp experiment and calculation of clamp-derived parameters can be found in the following references: Diabetes 53:1060-1067 (2004), Stocker (ed.), Type 2 Diabetes, Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 560:221-238 (2009)
$480 (Academic) / $700 (Industry)
M1002
Basal glucose metabolism
Following overnight fast or in fed state (5 hours after food removal), basal glucose metabolism is assessed using an intravenous infusion of [3-3H]glucose (0.05 ?Ci/min) for 2 hours in conscious mice. Blood samples are taken at 110 and 120 min for the measurement of plasma glucose and [3H]glucose concentrations. During basal state, whole body glucose turnover is estimated to be the basal rate of hepatic glucose production.
$480 (Academic) / $700 (Industry)
M1003
Organ-specific glucose uptake
Following overnight fast or in fed state (5 hours after food removal), basal glucose uptake in individual organs is determined using a bolus intravenous injection of 2-[1-14C]deoxy-D-glucose (2-[14C]DG; 20 uCi) in conscious mice and collecting tissues after 30 min to measure intracellular 2-[14C]DG-6-P concentrations using ion-exchange columns.
$380 (Academic) / $600 (Industry)
M1004
Hyperglycemic clamp
A survival surgery with anesthesia is performed at 4~5 days prior to the clamp to establish a chronic indwelling catheter in the right jugular vein for intravenous infusion during the clamp. On the day of experiment, a mouse fasted for overnight (14-hr; 18:00-08:00) or 5 hrs (07:00-12:00) is placed in an over-sized restrainer (i.e., rat-sized) for the experiment to be conducted in fully conscious and minimally-stressed state. The tail is tape-tethered at one end to obtain blood samples from the tail vessel during the clamp. Intravenous catheter is connected to a microdialysis infusion pump, and a blood sample (20 ?l) is collected to measure basal glucose and insulin concentrations.
A 2-hr hyperglycemic clamp begins with a variable infusion of 20% dextrose to raise and maintain plasma glucose concentration at ~300 mg/dl. Blood samples (20 ?l) are collected at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 80, 100, and 120 min to measure plasma glucose and insulin concentrations using glucose analyzer and Luminex, respectively. At the end of clamp, the mouse may be anesthetized, and pancreas may be collected for islet isolation and histology/molecular analyses by the Analytical Core.
The area-under-curve of plasma insulin levels indicates glucose-induced insulin secretion or in vivo pancreatic ?-cell function. In addition to insulin, c-peptide levels may be measured using additional blood samples for direct assessment of glucose-induced insulin secretion in mouse models potentially affected by altered hepatic insulin clearance.
$480 (Academic) / $700 (Industry)
M1005
Insulin clearance
Hepatic insulin clearance is assessed in conscious mice by administering an intraperitoneal bolus injection of human insulin (1 U/kg of body weight) and collecting blood samples at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, and 60 min for the measurement of plasma insulin levels.
$150 (Academic) / $300 (Industry)
M1006
Glucose tolerance test
Intraperitoneal (IP) or intravenous (IV) glucose tolerance tests (GTTs) are performed in conscious mice following overnight fast (~14 hours). Glucose is administered as a bolus at 1 or 2 g/kg body weight, and blood samples (20 ?l) are taken from tail vessels at 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min following a glucose bolus. Plasma glucose concentrations are determined using a glucose analyzer, and glucose clearance or area-under-curve of GTT reflects insulin sensitivity, assuming normal pancreatic ?-cell function.
$150 (Academic) / $350 (Industry)
M1007
Glucose tolerance test with insulin secretion
During IP or IV GTTs, additional blood samples (20~40 ul) are taken to measure plasma insulin and/or C-peptide levels using Luminex. Insulin or C-peptide levels in response to a bolus glucose load reflect pancreatic beta-cell function.
Inquire - Contact UMass MMPC Director for information
M1008
Insulin tolerance test
Intraperitoneal (IP) or intravenous (IV) insulin tolerance tests (ITTs) are performed in conscious mice at fed state (at least 5 hours after food removal). Insulin is administered as a bolus at 0.25 or 0.5 U/kg body weight, and blood samples (20 ul) are taken from tail vessels at 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min following a glucose bolus. Plasma glucose concentrations are determined using a glucose analyzer, and glucose
$150 (Academic) / $350 (Industry)
M1009
Hepatic gluconeogenesis
Pyruvate tolerance test indirectly measures hepatic gluconeogenesis in conscious mice following overnight fast (~14 hours). Pyruvate is intraperitoneally administered as a bolus at 1 g/kg body weight, and blood samples (20 ul) are taken from tail vessels at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min following a pyruvate bolus. Plasma glucose concentrations are determined using a glucose analyzer, and glucose derived from pyruvate reflects hepatic gluconeogenesis.
$150 (Academic) / $300 (Industry)
M1010
Lipid metabolism
Lipid metabolism is measured in conscious mice using labeled palmitate or glucose incorporation into tissue-specific triglyceride. The experiment begins with an intravenous bolus injection of [14C]palmitate (20 uCi), and blood samples (20 ul) are collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 min following a bolus injection. At the end of experiment, mice are euthanized, and tissue samples are rapidly taken for biochemical assays to measure [14C]palmitate incorporation into [14C]-labeled triglyceride in individual organs. Plasma [14C]palmitate concentrations are measured using liquid scintillation counter to assess systemic clearance of [14C]palmitate.
Alternatively, [3-3H]glucose (20 uCi) is intraperitoneally administered as a bolus, and mice are euthanized after 1 hour for tissue collection. Biochemical assays are performed to measure [3-3H]glucose incorporation into [3H]-labeled triglyceride in individual organs.
$480 (Academic) / $700 (Industry)
M1011
Protein metabolism
Protein metabolism is assessed using the flooding-dose method previously described by Dr. Thomas C. Vary (Am. J. Physiol. 262:C445-452, 1992; Am. J. Physiol. 262:C1513-1519, 1992). The experiment begins with an intraperitoneal bolus injection of [3H]-L-phenylalanine (0.2 uCi/ml/umol, 30uCi/100 g/body weight; 1 ml/100 g/body weight) in conscious mice. After 15 min, mice are euthanized, and blood and tissue samples are rapidly taken for biochemical analyses. Blood samples are used to measure plasma phenylalanine and [3H]-L-phenylalanine concentrations. The phenylalanine levels are measured by HPLC analysis of supernatants from trichloroacetic acid extracts of plasma samples. The assumption in using this technique to estimate the rate of protein synthesis in vivo is that the tissue phenylalanine concentration is elevated to a high level thereby limiting any dilution effect of non-radioactive phenylalanine derived from proteolysis on the intracellular specific radioactivity. Under the condition of elevated plasma phenylalanine level (~1.2 mM), the specific radioactivity of the plasma phenylalanine is assumed to be equal to the specific radioactivity of the tRNA-bound phenylalanine.
$350 (Academic) / $600 (Industry)
M1012
Body composition (whole body)
Whole body composition of fat/lean/water mass is non-invasively measured in conscious mice using 1H-MRS developed by Echo Medical Systems (EchoMRI 3-in-1). This instrument has an important advantage over commonly used mouse densitometer (PIXImus), which applies dual energy x-ray technology for analysis of body composition in anesthetized mice. In contrast, 1H-MRS can be applied in studies requiring multiple measurement in individual mice, such as chronic changes in adiposity in response to a high-fat diet, without the risk of anesthesia-associated complications.
$70 (Academic) / $150 (Industry)
M1013
Body composition (organs)
Organ-specific composition of fat/lean/water mass is non-invasively measured in conscious mice using 1H-MRS developed by Echo Medical Systems (EchoMRI 3-in-1).
$100 (Academic) / $150 (Industry)
M1014
Energy balance – food intake, energy expenditure, physical activity
Metabolic cages (TSE Systems) are used to perform indirect calorimetry and simultaneously measure food/water intake, energy expenditure, and physical activity in conscious mice. The experiment non-invasively measures VO2 consumption and VCO2 production in individual mice using metabolic chambers and calculates the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) to reflect energy expenditure. RER values close to 1.0 reflects carbohydrate utilization, and RER values close to 0.7 reflects lipid utilization. The metabolic cages are also used for the quantitative measurement of horizontal and vertical movement (XYZ-axis) as an index of physical activity and food/water intake over a given period of time (typically 3 days). TSE metabolic cages provide natural food intake setting with cage-lid location of food, and mice tend to quickly acclimate to the TSE metabolic cages with natural cage setting during the 3-day measurements.
$200 (Academic) / $400 (Industry)
M1015
Chronic high-fat feeding
An experimental mouse model of obesity can be generated by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) ad libitum for select duration. Quality control studies indicate that a short-term (3-4 weeks) of HFD feeding increases whole body fat mass by more than 2-fold and causes insulin resistance in male C57BL/6 mice. Most of the mice fed short-term HFD develop compensatory hyperinsulinemia but do not develop hyperglycemia. Chronic HFD feeding of longer term (2-6 months) further increases obesity and exacerbates insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, liver, adipose tissue, and heart. Most of the mice fed chronic HFD develop hyperglycemia, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. The Metabolism Core works with the users in designing a study with appropriate feeding duration and selection of HFD with respect to percent and composition of fat in the diet.
Inquire - Contact UMass MMPC Director for information
M1016
Chronic drug delivery
Alzet mini-osmotic pump (Alza) is subcutaneously implanted for chronic delivery of drugs. For this procedure, mice are anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine, and osmotic pumps containing drug or placebo are subcutaneously inserted to the mice prior to the metabolic experiments. Alternatively, drug or placebo may be administered using subcutaneous injection or oral gavage.
$200 (Academic) / $400 (Industry)
M1017
STZ-induced type 1 diabetes model
An experimental mouse model of hyperglycemia and type 1 diabetes can be generated by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 50 mg/kg daily for 5 days), which selectively destroys the pancreatic beta-cells with rapid and irreversible necrosis. STZ-injected mice develop hypoinsulinemia within several days and thereby, hyperglycemia. Following STZ injection, blood glucose levels are monitored for the onset and maintenance of hyperglycemia. For selected mouse models, other STZ doses may be required to maintain chronic hyperglycemia. With onset of hyperglycemia and significant urinary loss of glucose, mice are closely monitored for proper hydration with adequate water supply and frequent change of cage bedding.
$50 (Academic) / $100 (Industry)
M1018
Acute lipid infusion
An experimental model of acute hyperlipidemia can be generated by an intravenous infusion of lipid emulsion at a rate of 2.5 ml/kg body weight/hour and heparin (6 U/hour). A 2-hour hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp experiment may follow acute lipid infusion to measure insulin sensitivity in conscious mice exposed to acute hyperlipidemia. Quality control studies indicate that an acute lipid infusion for 5 hours increases serum fatty acids levels to 3~4 mM and causes insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Lipid emulsion may be infused at different rates to raise serum fatty acids to different levels. This study allows users to investigate acute and direct effects of fatty acids without altering obesity or adipokines that may affect glucose metabolism.
$150 (Academic) / $300 (Industry)
M1019
Chronic/acute phloridzin treatment
Acute hypoglycemia in normal mice or acute/chronic glucose reduction in hyperglycemic mice may be achieved by acute or chronic treatment of phloridzin (PHZ; 100 ug/kg body weight/min for acute treatment, 0.4 mg/kg body weight twice daily for chronic treatment). This procedure can be used prior to in vivo experiments.
$150 (Academic) / $300 (Industry)
M1020
Exercise study using cage running wheels
Cage wheels, designed to fit into the home cages, are used to induce exercise in mice. This procedure can be used prior to in vivo experiments to examine exercise-mediated metabolic effects and metabolic phenotypes secondary to exercise-induced weight loss.
Inquire - Contact UMass MMPC Director for information
M1021
Surgery – jugular vein cannulation
At 4-5 days prior to metabolic experiments requiring intravenous infusion, a survival surgery is performed to place an indwelling intravenous catheter in anesthetized mice. Experiments are performed 4-5 days after the surgery in order for the mice to fully recuperate from surgery/anesthesia stress, which is measured by a regain of body weight to pre-operative level.
Mice are anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (100 mg/kg body weight) and xylazine (10 mg/kg body weight). A transverse incision (~0.5 cm) is made over the trachea, and the right jugular vein is isolated. A silastic catheter (PE 10) is inserted into the vessel. The catheter is filled with a saline solution containing heparin (10 U/ml) and plugged. The catheter is then tunneled to the back of the neck, and placed under the back skin to prevent its accessibility from the mouse. A silk is tied to the catheter, and a small opening is made at the back of neck. This silk, which is partially exposed, is used on the day of metabolic experiment to expose and connect the catheter. The catheter requires no other care until the experiment day when it is flushed with a heparinised saline solution to reopen. This surgery requires ~15 minutes to complete. All surgical procedures are performed using standardized aseptic techniques, and all surgical tools are autoclaved following the surgery.
In order to prevent hypothermia, a heating pad is used during the surgery, while a heating lamp and/or heating pad is used during the post-operative recovery period. After surgery, the mice are monitored closely in a post-operative cage with gauze bedding. Mice are monitored until they are awake and about which is usually within 1-2 hours. Mice are then housed in individual cages and monitored for post-operative recovery and weight gain on a daily basis for 48 hours for evidence of catheter infection.
$80 (Academic) / $150 (Industry)
M1022
Surgery – tail vein injection
Intravenous injection via tail vein is used for acute delivery of drugs, hormones, and adeno-associated virus.
$50 (Academic) / $100 (Industry)
M1023
Surgery – carotid artery cannulation
Carotid artery is cannulated and indwelling cathether is placed in order to obtain rapid blood samples from mice during select experiments.
$80 (Academic) / $150 (Industry)
M1024
Exercise study using treadmill
Exercise phenotyping in awake mice is conducted using multi-lane treadmills with variable speeds for characterizing endurance exercise (varied intensity), chronic endurance exercise, exhaustive exercise, and acute exercise.
Please inquire
M1025
Drug trial study for PK/PD analysis
Drug trial study can be customized with chronic or acute administration of compounds (blinded) and blood/tissue sampling at specified intervals for Pharmocokinetic (PK)/Pharmocodynamic (PD) analysis.
Please inquire
M1026
Drug trial study for therapeutic efficacy on obesity
Drug trial study can be customized with chronic or acute administration of compounds (blinded) and outcome parameters on obesity and energy balance
Please inquire
M1027
Drug trial study for therapeutic efficacy on insulin resistance
Drug trial study can be customized with chronic or acute administration of compounds (blinded) and outcome parameters on insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism
Please inquire
M1028
Drug trial study for therapeutic efficacy on metabolic profile
Drug trial study can be customized with chronic or acute administration of compounds (blinded) and outcome parameters on serum glucose/lipid profile and markers of NAFLD/NASH
Please inquire
M1029
Drug trial study for therapeutic efficacy on diabetic complications
Drug trial study can be customized with chronic or acute administration of compounds (blinded) and outcome parameters on pancreatic islets, insulin secretion, and diabetic cardiovascular complications
Please inquire
M1030
Drug trial study for toxicity
Drug trial study can be customized with chronic or acute administration of compounds (blinded) and outcome parameters on toxicity (e.g., liver function panels)
Please inquire
M1031
Temperature (rectal measurement)
Measurement of rectal temperature in mice.
Please inquire
M1032
Body Weight
Measurement of body weights using a balance weight.
$10 (Academic) / $20 (Industry)
M1033
Surgery – Ovariectomy
Ovariectomy is a surgical procedure to remove ovaries in female mice, and this procedure is often used to study the effects of estrogen deficiency in rodents.
Ovary, estrogen, female hormones
$200 (Academic) / $400 (Industry)
M1034
Fecal Sample Collection for Intestinal Flora Analysis
For microbiome analysis, mouse fecal sample will be collected the first fecal pellet per animal into sterile eppendorf tube. Eppendorf tube containing fecal pellets in -80°C freezer.
Please inquire
M1035
Energy Balance at Thermoneutrality
In themoneutrality condition (at 27-30degree), metabolic cage (TSE systems) are used to perform indirect calorimetry and simultaneously measure food/water intake, energy expenditure, and physical activity in conscious mice.
$300 (Academic) / $600 (Industry)
M1036
Energy Balance at Cold Temperature
In Cold temperature condition (at 4 degree), metabolic cage (TSE systems) are used to perform indirect calorimetry and simultaneously measure food/water intake, energy expenditure, and physical activity in conscious mice.
$300 (Academic) / $600 (Industry)
M1041
Paired Feeding Regimen Analysis
Study to measure amount of diet required for 'Paired Feeding Study' (See Catalog # M1042)
Please inquire
M1042
Paired Feeding Study
Study to match diet intake between different groups of mice (May require 'Paired Feeding Regimen Analysis' - See Catalog # M1041)
Please inquire
M1043
Drug Treatment
Administration of drug or compound via oral gavage (per os), intraperitoneal (i.p.), or intravenous (i.v.) for acute or chronic delivery at targeted dosage
Please inquire
M1044
Drug Preparation
Preparation of drug or compound based on specified instructions
Please inquire
M1045
Tail Vein Blood Sampling
Sampling via tail for blood, serum, or plasma collection
Please inquire
M1046
Tissue collection
Removal of tissues for subsequent analysis (chosen by investigator)
Please inquire
M1047
Glucose Flux Measurement Using Stable Isotope
Intravenous Infusion of U-13C Glucose for 2 hours with blood sampling at 0,15,30,60,120 minutes followed by tissue harvest.
Please Inquire
M1048
Energy Balance at Altered Light/Dark Cycle
Under altered light/dark cycle conditions, metabolic cages (TSE systems) are used to perform indirect calorimetry and simultaneously measure food/water intake, energy expenditure, and physical activity in conscious mice.
$300 (Academic) / $600 (Industry)
M1049
Glucose Uptake and Lipid Metabolism in additional organs
Assess glucose and/or lipid uptake in individual organs
$300 Academic / $500 Industry
M1050
Consultation - Study Design, Methodologies, Analysis, & Interpretation
Consultation on Study Design, Experimental Methods, and Data Analysis & Interpretation
$200 Academic / $400 Industry
M1051
Diet-induced mouse model of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL)
Mouse models of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) by chronic feeding of custom diets that are high in fat and/or carbohydrates
Please Inquire
M1052
Diet-induced mouse model of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)
Mouse models of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) by chronic feeding of custom NASH diets that are high in fat and/or carbohydrates with selective amino acid deficiency.
Please Inquire
M1053
3D-Imaging for In Vivo Assessment of NAFL and NASH
Noninvasive measurement of fatty liver and fibrosis in mouse models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using Sonovol Vega automated wide-field ultrasound system.
Please Inquire
M1054
3D-Imaging for In Vivo Assessment of Kidney Morphology & Volume
Noninvasive measurement of kidney morphology and total kidney volume (TKV) in mouse models of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) using Sonovol Vega automated wide-field ultrasound system.
Please Inquire
M1055
3D-Imaging for In Vivo Assessment of Tumor
Noninvasive analysis of tumor and volumetric tumor measurements in orthotopic and subcutaneous tumor models and cancer mouse models using Sonovol Vega automated wide-field ultrasound system.
Please Inquire
M1056
Hyperglucagonemic clamp
A survival surgery with anesthesia is performed at 4~5 days prior to the clamp to establish a chronic indwelling catheter in the right jugular vein for intravenous infusion during the clamp. On the day of experiment, a mouse fasted overnight (14-hr; 18:00-08:00) is placed in an over-sized restrainer (i.e., rat-sized) for the experiment to be conducted in fully conscious and minimally-stressed state. The tail is tape-tethered at one end to obtain blood samples from the tail vessel during the clamp. This procedure is applied for 1 hour before the clamp (basal period) for acclimatization in this partially-restrained state and recovery from the initial handling. An intravenous catheter is connected to a microdialysis infusion pump and during the basal period, phloridzin (80ug/kg/min), is infused to promote glucose excretion. A blood sample (40 ul) is collected at the end for the basal measurement of plasma glucose. A 2-hour glucagon clamp follows the basal period with IV infusion of glucagon (10ng/kg/min) combined with phloridzin (80ug/kg/min) and [3-H]glucose used to calculate hepatic glucose production. Blood samples (10 ul) are collected at 10~20 min intervals for the immediate measurement of plasma glucose using glucose analyzer, and 20% dextrose is infused at variable rates to maintain basal glucose levels (~7 mM). To estimate glucose uptake in individual organs, 2-[1-14C]deoxy-D-glucose (2-[14C]DG) is administered as a bolus (10 uCi) at 75 min after the start of clamp. Blood samples (20 ul) are taken at 80, 85, 90, 100, 110, and 120 min of clamp for the measurement of plasma [3H]glucose, 3 and 2-[14C]DG concentrations. Additional blood sample (20 ml) is taken at 120 min to measure clamp plasma glucagon and other analytes (e.g. insulin, FFA). At the end of clamp, the mouse is anesthetized using sodium pentobarbital, and tissue samples (gastrocnemius and quadriceps from both hindlimbs, epididymal white adipose tissue, interscapular brown adipose tissue, liver, and heart) are taken for biochemical analyses. Serum and tissue samples may be transferred to the Analytical Core for analytical measurements. Adapted from Berglund et. al., 2009. J. Clin. Invest. 119(8):2412.
Please inquire
M1057
Chronic high fructose diet feeding
An experimental mouse model studying the metabolic effects of high-fructose diet ad libitum for select duration. Quality control studies indicate that a short-term (~4 week) high-fructose diet caused a 4-fold increase in hepatic de novo lipogenesis, but no effects on basal or clamp hepatic glucose production. The Metabolism Core will work with clients to identify appropriate feeding durations and fructose concentrations in the diet.
Please Inquire
M1058
Acute fructose infusion clamp
An experimental mouse model studying the metabolic effects of acute fructose infusion during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. A 5 hour acute fructose infusion is followed by a 2 hour hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with continued fructose infusion (total 7 hour fructose infusion). Quality control studies indicate that a 5 hour acute fructose infusion (4.4umol/kg/min) before clamp increased clamp hepatic glucose production, causing liver insulin resistance. The Metabolism Core will work with clients to identify optimal infusion duration and dosing.
Please Inquire
M1059
de novo Lipogenesis
Non-fasted fully conscious mice in the fed state are restrained in an over-sized restrainer (i.e., rat-sized) for a 2hr acclimation period. The tail is tape-tethered at one end to obtain blood samples from the tail vessel during the procedure. After basal plasma glucose sampling, mice are intraperitoneally injected with 10 uCi of D-[14C(U)]-glucose and 0.2 mCi of [3H]-water. Plasma is sampled at 5', 10', 20', 30' and 60' for glucose and tracer measurements and mice are then anesthetized using sodium pentobarbital, followed by tissue sampling (as requested by client) and storage at -80oC.
Please Inquire
M2001
Glucose
Plasma glucose concentrations are determined for a variety of metabolic experiments (e.g., hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, hyperglycemic clamp, GTT, ITT) performed by the Metabolism Core and for stand-alone measurements as a marker of perturbed glucose homeostasis in mice. Plasma glucose concentrations are measured by the glucose oxidase method using Analox GM7 Micro-stat Rapid Multi-assay Analyzer (Analox Instruments, Holliston, MA). This instrument requires 5 ul of plasma for rapid (~5 seconds) and accurate measure of glucose concentrations, which is important for select metabolic experiments such as hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and hyperglycemic clamp.
Alternatively, blood glucose concentrations are measured using a glucometer for those metabolic experiments (e.g., GTT, ITT) that may be repeated in individual mouse.
Plasma and tissue concentrations of labeled-glucose ([3H]glucose and 2-[14C]deoxyglucose) are measured using liquid scintillation counter (Beckman-Coulter).
$10 (Academic) / $20 (Industry)
M2002
Hemoglobin A1c
Hemoglobin A1c levels rise in response to chronic hyperglycemia and can be measured using Cobas Clinical Chemistry Analyzer (Roche).
Please inquire. *Inquire about minimum sample number
M2003
Lactate
Lactate levels are altered in metabolic syndrome and can be measured using Cobas Clinical Chemistry Analyzer (Roche).
$22 (Academic) / $44 (Industry) *Inquire about minimum sample number
M2004
Insulin
Insulin is a critical metabolic hormone synthesized by pancreatic beta-cells to regulate glucose homeostasis. Plasma insulin concentrations are determined for a variety of metabolic experiments (e.g., hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, hyperglycemic clamp) performed by the Metabolism Core and for stand-alone measurements as a marker of insulin resistance in mice. Plasma insulin concentrations are measured using Bio-Plex 200 Luminex System, which requires 5~25 ul of plasma samples for multiplex, high-throughput, and accurate determination of insulin.
Alternatively, plasma insulin concentrations are determined by ELISA using ultra-sensitive or sensitive antibody kits.
$28 (Academic) / $42 (Industry) *Inquire about lower rates for multiple hormones (Multiplex) and minimum sample number
M2005
C-peptide
C-peptide is synthesized by pancreatic beta-cells when proinsulin is cleaved to form an active insulin and C-peptide. Since a large fraction of insulin secreted by pancreatic beta-cells is cleared and metabolized by liver, systemic levels of insulin may not accurately reflect insulin secretion by beta-cells. For direct assessment of islet insulin secretion, plasma C-peptide concentrations are measured using Bio-Plex 200 Luminex System.
$28 (Academic) / $42 (Industry) *Inquire about lower rates for multiple hormones (Multiplex) and minimum sample number
M2006
Glucagon
Glucagon is a key hormone synthesized by pancreatic alpha-cells to regulate hepatic glucose production and glucose homeostasis in post-absorptive state. Glucagon further regulates insulin secretion via paracrine effects. Plasma glucagon concentrations are measured using Bio-Plex 200 Luminex System
$28 (Academic) / $42 (Industry) *Inquire about lower rates for multiple hormones (Multiplex) and minimum sample number
M2007
Leptin
Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that plays an important role in regulating feeding behavior. Since alterations in food intake affect energy balance, leptin levels are important factors in obesity. Plasma leptin concentrations are measured using Bio-Plex 200 Luminex System.
$28 (Academic) / $42 (Industry) *Inquire about lower rates for multiple hormones (Multiplex) and minimum sample number
M2008
Adiponectin
Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that affects multiple systems in our body including metabolism, vascular biology, and inflammation. Plasma adiponectin concentrations are measured using Bio-Plex 200 Luminex System.
$28 (Academic) / $42 (Industry) *Inquire about lower rates for multiple hormones (Multiplex) and minimum sample number
M2009
Resistin
Resistin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that affects insulin action and hepatic glucose metabolism. Plasma resistin concentrations are measured using Bio-Plex 200 Luminex System.
$28 (Academic) / $42 (Industry) *Inquire about lower rates for multiple hormones (Multiplex) and minimum sample number
M2010
Triglyceride
Serum triglyceride levels are elevated in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Tissue triglyceride levels are also associated with insulin resistance. Plasma and tissue triglyceride concentrations are determined using chloroform-methanol lipid extraction assay and Cobas Clinical Chemistry Analyzer (Roche).
$22 (Academic) / $44 (Industry) *Inquire about minimum sample number
M2011
Non-esterified fatty acids
Serum fatty acids levels are elevated in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Fatty acids and their metabolites are shown affect insulin action, glucose metabolism, and oxidative stress. Plasma fatty acids concentrations are measured using Cobas Clinical Chemistry Analyzer (Roche).
$28 (Academic) / $42 (Industry) *Inquire about minimum sample number
M2012
Cholesterol (total)
Alterations in cholesterol metabolism and circulating cholesterol levels are known to affect cardiovascular system and diabetic complications. Plasma total cholesterol levels are measured using Cobas Clinical Chemistry Analyzer (Roche).
$22 (Academic) / $44 (Industry) *Inquire about minimum sample number
M2013
Cholesterol (HDL)
Alterations in cholesterol metabolism and circulating HDL-cholesterol levels are known to affect cardiovascular system and diabetic complications. Plasma HDL-cholesterol levels are measured using Cobas Clinical Chemistry Analyzer (Roche).
$22 (Academic) / $44 (Industry) *Inquire about minimum sample number
M2014
Cholesterol (LDL)
Alterations in cholesterol metabolism and circulating LDL-cholesterol levels are known to affect cardiovascular system and diabetic complications. Plasma LDL-cholesterol levels are measured using Cobas Clinical Chemistry Analyzer (Roche).
$22 (Academic) / $44 (Industry) *Inquire about minimum sample number
M2015
Ammonia
Plasma ammonia levels are measured using Cobas Clinical Chemistry Analyzer (Roche).
Please inquire. *Inquire about minimum sample number
M2016
Lipase
Lipase is an important enzyme that hydrolyzes circulating triglyceride and breaks down triglyceride into free fatty acids and glycerol. Plasma lipase levels are measured using Cobas Clinical Chemistry Analyzer (Roche).
$22 (Academic) / $44 (Industry) *Inquire about minimum sample number
M2017
Amylase
Amylase is an important enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates into glucose molecules. Plasma amylase levels are measured using Cobas Clinical Chemistry Analyzer (Roche).
$22 (Academic) / $44 (Industry) *Inquire about minimum sample number
M2018
Creatine kinase
Plasma creatine kinase levels are measured using Cobas Clinical Chemistry Analyzer (Roche).
$22 (Academic) / $44 (Industry) *Inquire about minimum sample number
M2019
Alkaline phosphatase
Plasma ALP levels are measured using Cobas Clinical Chemistry Analyzer (Roche).
$22 (Academic) / $44 (Industry) *Inquire about minimum sample number
M2020
Lactate dehydrogenase
Plasma LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) levels are measured using Cobas Clinical Chemistry Analyzer (Roche).
$22 (Academic) / $44 (Industry) *Inquire about minimum sample number
M2021
Albumin
Albumin is a major circulating protein, and altered albumin levels reflect liver dysfunction. Plasma albumin levels are measured using Cobas Clinical Chemistry Analyzer (Roche).
$22 (Academic) / $44 (Industry) *Inquire about minimum sample number
M2022
Alanine transferase
ALT (alanine transferase) is a major liver enzyme that regulates amino acid flux into hepatic gluconeogenesis. Thereby, serum ALT levels reflect liver function. Plasma ALT levels are measured using Cobas Clinical Chemistry Analyzer (Roche).
$22 (Academic) / $44 (Industry) *Inquire about minimum sample number
M2023
Aspartate transferase
AST (aspartate transferase) is a major liver enzyme that regulates amino acid flux into hepatic gluconeogenesis. Thereby, serum AST levels reflect liver function. Plasma ALT levels are measured using Cobas Clinical Chemistry Analyzer (Roche).
$22 (Academic) / $44 (Industry) *Inquire about minimum sample number
M2024
Bilirubin
Bilirubin is primarily synthesized by liver as a component of liver bile that plays an important role in intestinal digestion and absorption of lipid. Plasma bilirubin levels are measured using Cobas Clinical Chemistry Analyzer (Roche).
$22 (Academic) / $44 (Industry) *Inquire about minimum sample number
M2025
Gamma-glutamyl Transferase
GGT is a major liver enzyme that reflects liver function. Plasma GGT levels are measured using Cobas Clinical Chemistry Analyzer (Roche).
$22 (Academic) / $44 (Industry) *Inquire about minimum sample number
M2026
Creatinine
Creatinine is a product of muscle breakdown and is cleared by the renal system. Thereby, serum creatinine levels reflect protein metabolism and renal function. Plasma creatinine levels are measured using Cobas Clinical Chemistry Analyzer (Roche).
$22 (Academic) / $44 (Industry) *Inquire about minimum sample number
M2027
C-reactive peptide
CRP (c-reactive peptide) is primarily produced by liver in response to IL-6 stimulation of hepatocytes, and serum CRP levels reflect systemic inflammatory state. Plasma CRP levels are measured using Cobas Clinical Chemistry Analyzer (Roche).
$28 (Academic) / $42 (Industry) *Inquire about minimum sample number
M2028
Total protein
Serum total protein levels are measured using Cobas Clinical Chemistry Analyzer (Roche).
$22 (Academic) / $44 (Industry) *Inquire about minimum sample number
M2029
Urea/BUN
Circulating and urine levels of urea/BUN reflect renal function. Urea/BUN levels are measured using Cobas Clinical Chemistry Analyzer (Roche).
$22 (Academic) / $44 (Industry) *Inquire about minimum sample number
M2030
Uric acid
Serum and urine levels of uric acid are measured using Cobas Clinical Chemistry Analyzer (Roche).
$22 (Academic) / $44 (Industry) *Inquire about minimum sample number
M2031
Electrolytes
Serum levels of bicarbonate, calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium are measured using Cobas Clinical Chemistry Analyzer (Roche).
Please inquire. *Inquire about minimum sample number
M2032
Cytokines Panel I - multiplex
Chronic and local inflammation is characterized by obesity and type 2 diabetes. Increased levels of cytokines and chemokines are known to affect insulin resistance and diabetic complications. Plasma and tissue lysate concentrations of IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-12 (p40), IL-12 (p70), IL-13,, IL-17, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma G-CSF, GM-CSF, KC, MCP-1, MiP-z,, MiP-1b, RANTES, and Eotaxin are measured in multiplexed format using Bio-Plex 200 Luminex System.
$28 (Academic) / $42 (Industry) *Inquire about lower rates for multiple cytokines (Multiplex) and minimum sample number
M2033
Cytokines Panel II - multiplex
Chronic and local inflammation is characterized by obesity and type 2 diabetes. Increased levels of cytokines and chemokines are known to affect insulin resistance and diabetic complications. Plasma and tissue lysate concentrations of IL-15, IL-18, LIF, MIP-2, M-CSF, MIG, VEGF, PDFG-BB, and Basic FGF are measured in multiplexed format using Bio-Plex 200 Luminex System.
$28 (Academic) / $42 (Industry) *Inquire about lower rates for multiple cytokines (Multiplex) and minimum sample number
M2034
Amylin (Active)
Multiplex Luminex measurement of Amylin (Active)
Please inquire
M2035
Ghrelin
Multiplex Luminex measurement of Ghrelin
Please inquire
M2036
Cytokines Panel III - multiplex
Chronic and local inflammation is characterized by obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Increased levels of cytokines and chemokines are known to affect insulin resistance and diabetic complications. Plasma and tissue lysate concentrations of IL-20, IL-23, IL-27, IL-33, MDC, and TIMP-1 are measured in multiplexed format using Bio-Plex 200 Luminex System.
$28 (Academic) / $42 (Industry) *Inquire about lower rates for multiple cytokines (Multiplex) and minimum sample number
M2037
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP; Total)
Multiplex Luminex measurement of Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP; Total)
Please inquire
M2038
Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP)
Multiplex Luminex measurement of Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP)
Please inquire
M2039
Peptide YY (PYY; Total)
Multiplex Luminex measurement of Peptide YY (PYY; Total)
Please inquire
M2040
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1 ).
Luminex measurement of Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1 ).
Please inquire
M2041
Estradiol (E2)
ELISA-based quantitation of estradiol (E2) in serum or plasma.
Please Inquire
M2043
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Competitive ELISA-based quantitation of triiodothyronine (T3) in serum or plasma.
Please inquire
M2044
Thyroxine (T4)
Competitive ELISA-based quantitation of thyroxine (T4) in serum or plasma.
Please inquire
M2045
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Competitive ELISA-based quantitation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in serum or plasma.
Please inquire
M2046
Apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3)
ELISA-based quantitation of Apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3) in serum or plasma.
Please inquire
M2047
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Multiplex Luminex measurement of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Please inquire
M2048
Growth Hormone (GH)
Multiplex Luminex measurement of Growth Hormone (GH)
Please inquire
M2049
Prolactin (PRL)
Multiplex Luminex measurement of Prolactin (PRL)
Please inquire
M2050
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Multiplex Luminex measurement of Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Please inquire
M2051
Progesterone
ELISA-based quantitation of progesterone in serum or plasma.
Please inquire
M2052
Testosterone
ELISA-based quantitation of testosterone in serum or plasma.
Please inquire
M2053
Bicarbonate
Measurement of bicarbonate (HCO3-) levels in serum or plasma.
Please inquire. Please inquire about minimum sample number.
M2054
Calcium
Measurement of calcium levels in serum, plasma, or urine.
$22 (Academic) / $44 (Industry) per sample. Please inquire about minimum sample number.
M2055
Magnesium
Measurement of magnesium levels in serum, plasma, or urine.
$22 (Academic) / $44 (Industry) per sample. Please inquire about minimum sample number.
M2056
Phosphate
Measurement of phosphorus levels in serum, plasma, or urine.
$22 (Academic) / $44 (Industry) per sample. Please inquire about minimum sample number.
M2057
Aldosterone
ELISA-based quantitation of aldosterone in serum or plasma. Aldosterone, the main mineralocorticoid hormone, is a steroid hormone produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland. It is essential for sodium conservation in the kidney, salivary glands, sweat glands and colon. It plays a central role in the homeostatic regulation of blood pressure, plasma sodium (Na+), and potassium (K+) levels.
Please inquire
M2058
Renin
ELISA-based quantitation of renin in serum or plasma. Renin, also known as an angiotensinogenase, is an aspartic protease protein and enzyme secreted by the kidneys that participates in the body's renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS)—also known as the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone axis—that mediates the volume of extracellular fluid (blood plasma, lymph and interstitial fluid), and arterial vasoconstriction.
Please inquire
M2059
Tissue Glycogen
Measurement of tissue glycogen content
Please inquire regarding price per sample and minimum required sample number.
M2060
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)
ELISA-based quantitation of insulin-like growth factor in serum or plasma.
Please inquire
M2061
Insulin Signaling
Analysis of tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphorylation and total protein levels of insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate-1 and 2, protein kinase B (Akt), Forkhead Box O1 (FoxO1)
Please Inquire
M2062
Inflammatory Signaling
Analysis of tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphorylation and total protein levels of Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 3 (STAT3), IkappaB kinase (IKK), C-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) 1/2/3, Nuclear Factor kappaB (NF-kB)
Please Inquire
M2063
Metabolic Signaling
Analysis of tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphorylation and total protein levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and 4 (GLUT4), glucose-6-phosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), fatty acid synthase (FASN), fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), andcarnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1a)
Please Inquire
M2070
Histology - lipid content
Oil Red O / hematoxylin staining of frozen liver sections for assessment of lipid accumulation
Please Inquire
M2071
Histology - lipid droplet
Perilipin immunostaining of formalin-fixed or frozen liver sections for quantification of lipid droplets
Please Inquire
M2072
Liver Histology - fibrosis
hematoxylin-eosin / Masson's trichrome / Sirius Red staining of fixed liver sections for assessment of collagen deposition
Please Inquire
M2073
Fatty Acid Synthesis
Biochemical assay to assess fatty acid synthesis via [14C]-labeled triglyceride in individual organs (See Service M1059 - de novo Lipogenesis).
Please Inquire
M3001
Pancreas isolation and embedding
Pancreas is micro-dissected free of contaminating tissues, weighed (wet weight), spread longitudinally on tissue cassette inserts, and rapidly fixed in formalin for embedding.
Please inquire
M3002
Islet histology – paraffin pancreas sections
Fixed pancreas is processed to paraffin blocks, and sections cut for histological processing.
Please inquire
M3003
Islet histology – H&E stained pancreas sections
Processing of H&E stained pancreas section slides.
Please inquire
M3004
Islet histology – insulin immunohistochemistry
Processing of insulin-stained slides (insulin in brown with blue hematoxylin counterstain) for bright-field microscopy
Please inquire
M3005
Islet histology – insulin immunofluorescence
Processing of insulin-stained slides (insulin in green with nuclei stained with dapi) for fluorescence microscopy
Please inquire
M3006
Islet histology – insulin and glucagon immunofluorescence
Processing of insulin- and glucagon-stained slides (insulin in green, glucagon in red, nuclei stained with dapi) for fluorescence microscopy
Please inquire
M3007
Islet histology – beta-cell proliferation and cell death
Processing of insulin with BrdU, PCNA or TUNEL stained slides (insulin in green with other stain in red and nuclei stained with dapi) for fluorescence microscopy
Please inquire
M3008
Islet microscopy – islet images
Processing of low- or high-magnification islet images as tiff files
Please inquire
M3009
Islet microscopy – exocrine pancreas images
Processing of exocrine pancreas images as tiff files
Please inquire
M3010
Islet microscopy – beta-cell mass
Processing of whole insulin-stained pancreatic slide scan for beta-cell mass calculation
Please inquire
M3011
Pancreatic beta-cell mass (comprehensive)
Includes pancreas embedding, sectioning, insulin histochemical stain, whole slide scan, and human-assisted automated determination of islet area to total pancreas area. Pancreas sections are stained using immunohistochemistry for insulin, counterstained with hematoxylin, and permanently cover-slipped. Stained slides are scanned in entirety using a Plustek OpticFilm 8200i Ai Film Scanner. Images are quantified for insulin pixel area and pancreas pixel area, and beta-cell mass calculated by the formula ([insulin
@NationalMMPC
