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D2001

Importation of Mice and Material
Assume 10 experimental mice {5M, 5F} and 10 WT controls {5M, 5F} Importation of 1 crate of mice

$148.00 / $214.30 (University of California fee / all other institutions)

D2002

Per Diem
Cage/Day

$1.20 / $1.59 (University of California fee / all other institutions) per cage per day

D2003

Colony Management (if needed)
: A colony management fee is applied to projects requiring more than routine housing and care. This fee is applied on a per cage per day basis. Colony management includes (but is not limited to) projects requiring timed matings with or without plug collection; breeding with pup identification; collection of samples for genotyping; special diets.

$0.53 / $0.77 (University of California fee / all other institutions) per cage per day

D2004

Genotyping (if needed)
Some projects may require genotyping during the course of housing mice at UCD. Genotyping sampling may be done by ear punch or tail snips, depending on age. Altricial pups will be sampled by “toeing”. This fee is applied on a per sample basis, to samples submitted to the MBP Murine Genotyping Analysis laboratory for testing.

$13.00 / $18.82 (University of California fee / all other institutions) per sample

D2005

Mouse Model Purchase
Access mutant mouse models from the MMRRC or the KOMP Repositories and submit to MMPC for phenotyping

inquire

D2006

Mouse Model Creation
Create mutant mouse models de novo and submit to MMPC for phenotyping

inquire

D2007

Chronic high-fat feeding
An experimental mouse model of obesity can be generated by feeding either a high fat diet (HFD) or very high fat diet (VHFD) for specified period of time; diet based on investigator preference for study needs. Differences in body weight can be seen as soon as 2 weeks after the initiation of feeding HFD. After 4 weeks on HFD, many mice begin exhibiting hyperglycemia with the full obese phenotype measureable after 16 weeks. Within 16-20 weeks mice may experience a 20-30% increase in body weight, adipocyte hyperplasia, fat deposition in the mesentery, increased fat mass, diabetes, and hypertension. The effect of the diet on obesity development is directly related to the fat content of the diet and the length of time the animal spends on the diet with variability in severity of metabolic changes observed between individual animals. The Animal Care Core works with the users in designing a study with appropriate feeding duration and selection of diet with respect to percent and composition of fat in the diet.

Inquire – Contact UCD Animal Care Core

D2008

Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy (VSG)
Vertical sleeve Gastrectomy (VSG) is a common surgical treatment of obesity, type-2 diabetes, and other comorbidities of obesity. The VSG mouse surgical model provides researchers with a mechanism to evaluate mechanistic studies to explore the methods by which VSG bariatric surgery produces beneficial effects on obesity. Pricing includes the VSG or SHAM surgery performed on one mouse and surgical supplies. Rate does not include the, cost of the mouse, per diems, special diets, colony management fees. The Animal Care, Surgery and Pathology Core works with users to design and optimize each study, including recommendations for animal numbers, feeding strategies, and data collection.

$90.00/$120.33 per mouse

D2009

Roux en Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB)
Roux en Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) is the most effective common surgical treatment of obesity, type-2 diabetes, and other comorbidities of obesity. The RYGB mouse surgical model provides researchers with a mechanism to evaluate mechanistic studies to explore the methods by which RYGB bariatric surgery produces beneficial effects on obesity. Pricing includes the RYGB or SHAM surgery for one mouse and surgical supplies. Rate does not include the cost of the mouse, per diems, special diets, and colony management fees. The Animal Care, Surgery and Pathology Core works with users to design and optimize each study, including recommendations for animal numbers, feeding strategies, and data collection.

$130/$173 (University of California fee / all other institutions) 1 RYGB OR 1 SHAM

D2010

Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy (VSG) Package
Vertical sleeve Gastrectomy (VSG) is a common surgical treatment of obesity, type-2 diabetes, and other comorbidities of obesity. The VSG mouse surgical model provides researchers with a mechanism to evaluate mechanistic studies to explore the methods by which VSG bariatric surgery produces beneficial effects on obesity. Pricing includes surgery and surgical supplies only for one VSG, one pair fed Sham, and one ad lib Sham for a total of 3 surgeries. Rate does not include the cost of the mice, per diems, special diets, and colony management fees. The Animal Care, Surgery and Pathology Core works with users to design and optimize each study, including recommendations for animal numbers, feeding strategies, and data collection.

$268.00/$358.32 1VSG, 1 pair fed Sham, 1 ad lib Sham

D2011

Roux en Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) Package
Roux en Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) is the most effective common surgical treatment of obesity, type-2 diabetes, and other comorbidities of obesity. The RYGB mouse surgical model provides researchers with a mechanism to evaluate mechanistic studies to explore the methods by which RYGB bariatric surgery produces beneficial effects on obesity.. Pricing includes surgery and surgical supplies only for one RYGB, one pair fed Sham, and one ad lib Sham for a total of 3 surgeries. Rate does not include the cost of the mice, per diems, special diets, and colony management fees. The Animal Care, Surgery and Pathology Core works with users to design and optimize each study, including recommendations for animal numbers, feeding strategies, and data collection.

$388.00/$518.76 for 1 RYGB, 1 ad lib SHAM, 1 pair fed SHAM

D2013

MMPC mouse gross necropsy with histology
Assessment of gross and histologic changes to complement other MMPC assays; Gross necropsy with documentation of changes present. Collection and histologic processing (paraffin blocks/H&E slides) and interpretation of kidneys, liver, spleen, pancreas, heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, thymus, mesenteric lymph nodes, GI Tract, cerebrum, cerebellum, urinary bladder, and reproductive tract and additional tissues with gross changes. This includes photodocumentation of significant findings. This assay can be customized to include other target organs based on findings from other MMPC assays.

$141.29 / $204.59 (University of California fee / all other institutions) per mouse

D2014

Surgery - Data Recorder or Simple Telemetry (without cannulation)
Implantation of a simple telemetry or data recorder, per mouse. Pricing includes surgery for one animal and surgical supplies. , Rate does not include the cost of the mouse, per diems, colony management fees and telemetry device. The Animal Care, Surgery and Pathology Core works with users to design and optimize each study, including recommendations for animal numbers, device selection and data collection.

$31.00/$41.45 per mouse

D2016

Additional Pathology Services
The scope of Additional Pathology Services can encompass a wide variety of activities that can enhance routine histopathology analysis and processing. Special tissue collections requiring special expertise, time and labor-intensive processing and analyses could be included in "Additional Pathology Services". Creation and processing of gut-rolls or special organ preparations, precise brain sectioning and processing, and a myriad of advanced photo-microscopy or "Count & Measure" analyses are possible. We have imaging analysis software that allows Pixel-Dependent reviews and analysis of stained tissues.

Inquire please. Additional services costs are dependent on technologist or pathologist technical time, special materials or special instrumentation requirements.

D2017

Clinical Chemistry, Hematology, Urine Analysis
A wide variety of clinical chemistry and hematology assays are available for characterization of rodent blood and rodent strain types. The Comparative Pathology Laboratory has special instrumentation that can analyze extremely small sample volumes. We are able to provide analytical services to many types of clients, but we are optimized for rodent researchers. Please inquire for a consultation: Main Laboratory Phone: 530-752-2832

Inquire please. Custom Chemistry Panels and CBC Hematology rates are variable, depending on types of individual tests ordered.

D3101

Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test
Assessment of insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and insulin secretion in vivo. Price include insulin/glucose assay costs. Mice from an inbred strain with low inter-animal variability in insulin sensitivity will be run with each group of animals undergoing the IVGTTs/clamps as an internal standard.

$118.21 / $158.05 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3103

IN VIVO Insulin Tolerance Tests
Mice will be injected IP with 1mU/g of insulin. Samples will be collected at 0,15,30,45,60,90,120 min for the measurement of glucose.Plumpton,1969 Includes housing, surgery, biochemical assays to measure glucose/insulin level. Mice from an inbred strain with low inter-animal variability will be run with each group of animals undergoing the same procedure

$96.72 / $129.31(Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3104

IN VIVO Glucose Tolerance Tests
Mice will be injected IP with 2mg/g of glucose. Samples will be collected at 0,15,30,60,120 min for the measurement of glucose. Includes housing, surgery, biochemical assays to measure glucose/insulin level. Mice from an inbred strain with low inter-animal variabilitywill be run with each group of animals undergoing the same procedure.

$91.34 / $122.13 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3105

IN VIVO Glucose-stimulates Insulin Secretion Test
Mice will be injected IP with 2mg/g of glucose. Samples will be collected at 0,2,5,15,30 min for the measurement of glucose and insulin. Includes housing, surgery, biochemical assays to measure glucose/insulin level. Mice from an inbred strain with low inter-animal variabilitywill be run with each group of animals undergoing the same procedure

$128.96 / $172.41 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3301

Lipid extraction from liver
Triglyceride and cholesterol content in liver tissue will be determined by the Folch method (Folch, 1957). Weighed tissue samples are homogenized in methanol:chloroform. After overnight extraction, 0.7% sodium chloride is added. The aqueous layer is aspirated and duplicate aliquots of the chloroform/lipid layer are dried under nitrogen gas. The lipid is reconstituted in isopropyl alcohol and assayed for TG spectrophotometrically with enzymatic reagents from Fisher Diagnostics (Middletown, VA)

$22 / $29.41 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3302

Lipid extraction from muscle
Triglyceride and cholesterol content in muscle tissue will be determined by the Folch method (Folch, 1957). Weighed tissue samples are homogenized in methanol:chloroform. After overnight extraction, 0.7% sodium chloride is added. The aqueous layer is aspirated and duplicate aliquots of the chloroform/lipid layer are dried under nitrogen gas. The lipid is reconstituted in isopropyl alcohol and assayed for TG spectrophotometrically with enzymatic reagents from Fisher Diagnostics (Middletown, VA)

$22 / $29.41 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3401

Glucose (urine/plasma)
Hyperglycemia/ glycosuria Thermo microplate (5ul) enzymatic assay

$6 / $8.02 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3402

Hemoglobin A1C
Index of long-term glycemic control. Diazyme (20ul whole blood) enzymatic assay.

$11 / $14.71 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3403

beta-OH butyrate
Markers of ketosis. Millipore-Sigma enzymatic assay (20ul for duplicates).

$11 / $14.71 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3404

Triglyceride
This assay uses reagents from Millipore-Sigma and 10ul of sample is required for duplicates, an additional 5ul of sample is recommended for a sample blank if the sample is hemolyzed.

$6 / $8.02 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3405

Total Cholesterol
This assay uses reagents from Fisher Diagnostics and 10ul of sample is required for duplicates, an additional 5ul of sample is recommended for a sample blank if the sample is hemolyzed.

$6 / $8.02 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3406

HDL-C and LDL-C/VLDL-C
This assay uses a precipitation buffer from AbCam to precipitate LDL and VLDL particles and 25ul of sample is required. The cholesterol content will be determined in the HDL fraction, and this value will be subtracted from the total cholesterol of the original sample to provide the cholesterol value for the LDL/VLDL fraction.

$11 / $14.71 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3407

HDL-TG and LDL-TG/VLDL-TG
This assay uses a precipitation buffer from AbCam to precipitate LDL and VLDL particles and 25ul of sample is required. The triglyceride content will be determined in the HDL fraction, and this value will be subtracted from the total triglyceride of the original sample to provide the triglyceridel value for the LDL/VLDL fraction.

$11 / $14.71 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3408

Non esterified fatty acids
WAKO microplate (10ul for duplicates) with standard reagents from PolyMedCo

$6 / $8.02 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3412

Metabolomics
Multiple metabolite levels measured. Intensity values normalized to total metabolome content. Gass Chromatograph (GC)-Time of Flight (TOF) mass spectrometry. MS deconvolution, BinBase DB processing. compounds.

$80.60 / $107.76 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3413

Complex lipid ratios
Multiple metabolite levels measured. Intensity values normalized to total metabolome content. UPLC/QTOF mass spectrometry. MZmine data processing. Identification on accurate mass and MS/MS databases.

$80.60 / $107.76 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3414

Alanine Transaminase (ALT)
Bio-Enzymatic Assay to determine the level of Alanine Transaminase (ALT) in plasma samples (serum/EDTA). 20ul of plasma per duplicate. ALT is measured to see if the liver is damaged or diseased. Low levels of ALT are normally found in the blood. But when the liver is damaged or diseased, it releases ALT into the bloodstream, which makes ALT levels go up. Most increases in ALT levels are caused by liver damage. The ALT test is often done along with other tests that check for liver damage, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and bilirubin. Both ALT and AST levels are reliable tests for liver damage.

$11 / $14.71 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3415

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
Bio-Enzymatic Assay to determine the level of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)in plasma samples (serum/EDTA). 20ul of plasma per duplicate. AST is measured to see if the liver is damaged or diseased. Low levels of AST are normally found in the blood. But when the liver is damaged or diseased, it releases AST into the bloodstream, which makes AST levels go up. Most increases in AST levels are caused by liver damage. The AST test is often done along with other tests that check for liver damage, including Alanine Transaminase (ALT) , alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and bilirubin. Both ALT and AST levels are reliable tests for liver damage.

$11 / $14.71 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3431

Hormones - Generic ELISA Assay
Any hormone can be measured if it is offered in an assay format without extraction (for example IGF1, Corticosterone, Resistin, etc).

inquire

D3432

Insulin
Fasting insulin is an index of IR. Also measured for functional tests. Meso Scale Discovery (10ul for duplicates)

$14 / $18.72 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3433

C-Peptide
Proinsulin cleavage product. ALPCO ELISA (10ul)

$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3434

Proinsulin
Precursor to insulin. ALPCO ELISA (10ul)

$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3435

Leptin
Adipocyte hormone involved in energy balance/anti-steatotic Meso Scale Discovery (10ul for duplicates)

$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3436

Adiponectin (total)
Insulin-sensitizing/anti-steatotic/anti-atherogenic adipocyte hormone Meso Scale Discovery (5ul)

$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3437

Adiponectin (HMW)
Insulin-sensitizing/anti-steatotic/anti-atherogenic adipocyte hormone. ALPCO ELISA (5ul)

$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3438

Glucagon
Counterregulatory hormone. Millipore RIA (100ul)

$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3439

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (active)
Incretin hormone. Meso Scale Discovery (20ul for duplicates)

$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3440

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (total)
Incretin hormone. Meso Scale Discovery (20ul for duplicates)

$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3441

Ghrelin
Orexigenic GI hormone. Millipore ELISA (50ul)

$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3451

Urinary Albumin Excretion
Index of renal damage/Impaired glomerular function. 24 hour urine samples are collected from animals in a metabolic cage and albmunin is measured with a standard assay kit, using Albumin Blue 580 Fluorescence

$11 / $14.71 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3452

Creatinine
Uremia products. Uses Cayman ELISA (20ul)

$11 / $14.71 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3453

Urea
Uremia products. Uses Cayman ELISA (20ul)

$11 / $14.71 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3461

Markers of Inflammation - custom panel
Inflammation plays a crucial role in atherosclerosis and contributes to insulin resistance. Up to 10 proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-?, IL-1ß, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 p70, KC/GRO, TNF-a) can be measured with 25µl of serum (50µl for duplicates) using a Meso Scale Discovery Sector Imager.

inquire

D3463

HS CRP
Associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. R&D Systems ELISA (10ul)

$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3464

Serum Amyloid A1
Displaces apo A1 from HDL. R&D ELISA (10ul)

$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3465

sICAM
Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Increased levels associated with increased risk of vascular disease. R&D ELISA (10ul)

$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3466

sVCAM
Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Increased levels associated with increased risk of vascular disease. R&D ELISA (10ul)

$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3467

sE-Selectin
Soluble E-selectin. Increased levels associated with increased risk of vascular disease. R&D ELISA (10ul)

$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3468

sP-Selectin
Soluble P-selectin. Increased levels associated with increased risk of vascular disease. R&D ELISA (10ul)

$18 / $24.07 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D3495

MISC Assay
Miscellaneous Assay

TBD

D3496

Corticosterone
10ul of serum or EDTA Plasma measured by RIA (RadioImmuno Assay)

$14 / $18.72 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D4001

Gross Body Composition
Measures adiposity and lean mass using DEXA (PixiMus)

Per mouse fee (minimum of 8 mice): $38 / $51 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D4002

Adiposity (adipose depot weights)
Measures adipose tissue weights, by manual tissue dissection.

Per mouse fee (minimum of 8 mice): $47 / $63 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D4003

Meal Pattern Analysis
Detailed analysis of food intake behavior including Avg Meal Duration-Active Eating Time (sec), Avg Meal Size (g), # of Meals, Avg Inter-Meal Interval (IMI) (sec), Total Meal Duration, Satiety Ratio, Avg Eating Rate, Avg Light-Meal Duration, Avg Dark-Meal Duration, Avg Light-Meal Size, Avg Dark-Meal Size, Avg Light-IMI, Avg Dark-IMI, Light- # Meals, Dark- # Meals, Light-Satiety Ratio, Dark-Satiety Ratio, Light-Eating Rate (g/min), Dark-Eating Rate (g/min), Food Intake/BW). "Meal" defined by minimum food intake of 0.02g and at least 10 min between food bout events.

Per mouse fee (minimum of 8 mice): $39 / $52 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D4006-C

Gut Microbiome Analysis (Illumina method-2X300bp- 20,000 avg seq read depth)
Determines differences in gut microbial community and diversity; 16S rDNA sequencing by Illumina (2X 300bp; 20K avg seq read depth) of feces, cecal, or other GI contents; correlation of results with metabolic phenotype variables. Performed with primers directed against V3-V4 (515F-806R)

Per sample fee (minimum of 10 samples): $100/ $134 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D4007

Energy Expenditure (CLAMS, Indirect Calorimetry)
Measures energy utilization and fuel preference by indirect calorimetry; gross 24 hour food and water intake; body composition by DEXA

Per mouse fee (minimum of 8 mice): $51 / $68 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D4008

Energy Expenditure (CLAMS, Indirect Calorimetry) + Meal Pattern Analysis
Measures energy utilization and fuel preference by indirect calorimetry; gross 24 hour food and water intake; body composition by DEXA -and- Detailed analysis of food intake behavior including Avg Meal Duration-Active Eating Time (sec), Avg Meal Size (g), # of Meals, Avg Inter-Meal Interval (IMI) (sec), Total Meal Duration, Satiety Ratio, Avg Eating Rate, Avg Light-Meal Duration, Avg Dark-Meal Duration, Avg Light-Meal Size, Avg Dark-Meal Size, Avg Light-IMI, Avg Dark-IMI, Light- # Meals, Dark- # Meals, Light-Satiety Ratio, Dark-Satiety Ratio, Light-Eating Rate (g/min), Dark-Eating Rate (g/min), Food Intake/BW). "Meal" defined by minimum food intake of 0.02g and at least 10 min between food bout events.

Per mouse fee (minimum of 8 mice): $82 / $110 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D4010

Special Services
Consultation; Study design or data analysis. (Advanced data analysis or data analyses from data obtained outside core.)

Per hour: $51 / $68 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D4011

Voluntary wheel running (activity and/or exercise)
Voluntary wheel running provides detailed information on the running capacity and activity patterns (i.e., total distance, median velocity, time of breaks, etc.). This system may also be used as a means of providing voluntary exercise in metabolic or exercise based studies.

Per mouse/week fee (minimum of 8 mice): $14 / $19 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D4012

Core body temperature (temperature recorder)
Measures core body temperature with IP temperature recorder (DST-nano-T). This service is paired with Data Recorder Implant Surgery through the animal core.

Per mouse/day use fee: $6 / $8 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D5005

BP measurement by tail cuff
BP measurement by tail cuff. The technique provides a good estimate of actual systolic pressure.

$19 /$25 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D5011

CT, MRI, PET, & combinations
CT, MRI, PET, & combinations. Cardiac or brain are assessed. http://imaging.bme.ucdavis.edu/faqs/recharge-rates/

inquire

D5101

Cognitive Function - Radial Arm Water Maze
This is a spatial learning and memory task. Animals are tested for 9 daily sessions of five trials. Each session consists of four learning trails and a fifth retention trial 30 minutes after trial four over a ten consecutive day period. Parameters such as error rate and latency aid in detecting cognitive deficits. Fees are quoted for a cohort of 8 mice.

In Development

D5102

Cognitive Function - Morris Water Maze (Male Mice)
The Morris water maze (MWM) is a widely used tool to study spatial learning and memory. It can assess learning, memory, and spatial working memory and can also indicative of damage to cortical regions of the brain. It can measure the effect of neurocognitive disorders on spatial learning and possible neural treatments, to test the effect of lesions to the brain in areas focused on memory, and to study how age influences cognitive function and spatial learning. The fee listed applies to a cohort of 8 mice.

In Development

D5103

Cognitive Function - Morris Water Maze (Female Mice)
The Morris water maze (MWM) is a widely used tool to study spatial learning and memory. It can assess learning, memory, and spatial working memory and can also indicative of damage to cortical regions of the brain. It can measure the effect of neurocognitive disorders on spatial learning and possible neural treatments, to test the effect of lesions to the brain in areas focused on memory, and to study how age influences cognitive function and spatial learning. Fees apply to a cohort of 8 Female mice.

In Development

D5104

Cognitive Function - Y Maze
The y-maze is a modification of the T- maze which evaluates memory and special learning in rodents though quantification of spontaneous alternation (a measure of spatial cognition). This measure has previously been shown to be affected in mouse models of Alzheimer’s. Fee is per mouse, 8 mouse minimum.

In Development

D5201

IBA Immunohistochemistry
Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1) is specifically expressed in macrophages / microglia and is upregulated during the activation of these cells. Iba1 expression is up-regulated in microglia following nerve injury, central nervous system ischemia, and several other brain diseases. Furthermore it has been found in athlesclerotic plaques and at sigts of vascular injury.

$109/ $146 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions) per mouse

D5202

Factor VIII Immunohistochemistry
Factor VIII is a glycoprotein present in human plasma, human endothelial cells, megakaryocytes and platelets. Immunohistochemical staining for factor VIII related antigen could be used to determine if the benign and malignant neoplastic lesions are of endothelial origin. Furthermore, it can be utilized to determine vessel density in a tissue of interest.

$109 / $146 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions) per mouse

D6001

Ex vivo assessment of barrier function/gut permeability (minimum of 8 samples)
Gut tissue (by region- e.g ileum & colon) will be opened along the mesenteric border and mounted in Ussing chambers (Physiologic Instruments, San Diego, CA, USA), exposing 0.3 cm2 of tissue surface area to 2.5ml of oxygenated Krebs-glucose (10mM) and Krebs-mannitol (10mM) at 37°C on the serosal and luminal sides, respectively. The paracellular pathway and transcellular pathway will be measured as the flux of FITC-Dextran 4000 (FD-4, Sigma –Aldrich) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP Type VI, Sigma Aldrich), respectively. FD-4 (400µg/ml) and HRP (200µg/ml) will be added to the mucosal chamber and samples will be collected from the serosal chamber every 30 min for 2 hours. Concentration of FD-4 is measured via fluorescence at excitation 485 nm, emission 538 nm. O-dianisidine substrate is used to detect HRP at absorbance 450 nm.

Per sample fee (minimum of 8 samples): $7/$10 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D6002

Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein (LBP)/Endotoxemia Assay
Plasma samples will be assayed for lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) as surrogate for bacterial LPS/measure of endotoxemia via ELISA.

Per sample fee (minimum of 10 samples): $10/ $14 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

D6003

Fecal Mouse Lipocalin-2
Lipocalin-2, also known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), 2 is a secreted glycoprotein that can be used as a biomarker of inflammation. Lipocalin-2 is expressed in intestinal epithelium and is upregulated in models of intestinal inflammation and injury. Fecal lipocalin-2 levels correlate well to other markers of intestinal inflammation. Lipocalin-2 will be measured by ELISA.

Coming soon

D6004

Fecal Mouse Calprotectin
Calprotectin is a heterodimer of calcium binding proteins S100A8 and S100A9. Calprotectin is almost exclusively expressed in neutrophils and precursors cells in the bone marrow. Fecal calprotectin levels can be used as a marker for intestinal inflammation, reflecting the recruitment and activation of neutrophils to the mucosa. Fecal calprotectin is often used clinically to diagnose inflammatory bowel diseases and correlate well to other well-established clinical markers of intestinal inflammation. Fecal homogenates will be assayed for S100A8/S100A9 heterodimer by ELISA.

Coming soon

D6005

Plasma/Serum Mouse Lipocalin-2
Lipocalin-2, also known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), 2 is a secreted glycoprotein that can be used as a biomarker of inflammation. Lipocalin-2 is increased in metabolic diseases associated with an inflammatory phenotype, including type 2 diabetes, obesity and liver steatosis. Lipocalin-2 is highly expressed in white adipose tissue and tracks obesity. Strong correlations between blood concentrations of lipocalin-2 and insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes have been noted. Lipocalin-2 can be measured in urine, blood, and feces. Lipocalin-2 will be measured by ELISA.

Coming soon

D6006

Plasma/Serum Mouse Calprotectin
Calprotectin is a heterodimer of calcium binding proteins S100A8 and S100A9. Calprotectin is almost exclusively expressed in neutrophils and precursors cells in the bone marrow. Plasma/serum calprotectin levels can be used to monitor diseases involving chronic inflammation such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Calprotectin levels often correlate with obesity and severity of metabolic disease. Plasma/Serum will be assayed for S100A8/S100A9 heterodimer by ELISA.

Coming soon

D6007

Special Services
Consultation; Study design or specialized data analysis. (Advanced data analysis or data analyses from data obtained outside core.)

Per hour: $68 / $91 (Internal University of California Fee / All Other Institutions)

MI1003

Quarantine per diem
All rodents shipped to the U-M from non-approved vendors and/or other institutions must be quarantined for approximately three weeks to avoid the possible introduction of infectious agents to the University’s rodent colonies. Animals in quarantine are tested for viral, bacterial, and parasitic agents. If animals test positive for rodent viral, bacterial, or parasitic infections while in quarantine, they must be treated for the infection and, if appropriate, re-derived by embryo transfer via the Transgenic Animal Model Core or used in non-survival experiments. The same is true for rodents that are known to be positive at the time of shipment to U-M. Accordingly, ULAM Veterinary Staff strongly discourages investigators from acquiring research animals with known rodent viral, bacterial, or parasitic infections. Investigators are responsible for paying all quarantine-associated costs, including technician time, laboratory testing, and per-diems. Once the animals are released from quarantine, ULAM will transfer them to the appropriate animal housing room. Study teams who wish to have animals shipped to the University of Michigan from other institutions or non-commercial (approved) vendors should contact the ULAM Rodent Health Surveillance Team at ulam-rhst@umich.edu(link sends e-mail) or (734) 936-1699 at least two weeks in advance of desired delivery date.

Please Inquire

MI1004

Intra-University trucking
To facilitate the movement of animals and equipment across campus, ULAM operates a temperature-controlled truck that can assist with the following: Delivery of animals received at the ULAM Dock to other buildings on campus Transfer of animals and/or equipment between buildings Pickup of animals shipped to Detroit Metro Airport A minimum 48-hour notice is required for all trips. Study teams are charged for truck driver labor (hourly, in 15 minute increments), and mileage for these services. Truck Labor Rate/Hour $30.84 Truck Labor Rate/Hour Overtime $46.26 Truck Mileage/Per Mile $1.75 Questions or concerns pertaining to the shipment of animals to and from U-M should be directed to the Rodent Health Surveillance Team at ulam-rhst@umich.edu or (734) 936-1699. To arrange for transportation services through ULAM, please email ulam-truck@umich.edu or call (734) 936-2011 or (734) 936-6163.

Truck Labor Rate/Hour $30.84 + Mileage per Mile $1.75 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1005

Animal Health Surveillance - PCR Rodent Infectious Agent testing
This service detects viruses, bacteria and parasites in animals by screening noninvasive samples with a PRIA® (PCR Rodent Infectious Agent) Panel (10 samples batched in one tube).

$30.00/hr UofM (please inquire for external pricing) UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1006

Animal Health Surveillance - Pinworm PCR
Technical time from Vet Techs or Rodent Health Techs to evaluate pinworm infections via PCR

$ 30.00/hr UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1007

Technician Service Fee / Special Procedures
Technical service fees per hour for special procedures like dosing, sample collection, gavage, IV, IP or IM dose administration, blood collection, tagging and tailing, health checks, etc.

$60.00 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1008

Mouse Microchipping
Microchip implantion. Small subcutaneous device is implanted into the mouse that transmits a unique identification code. For wean age or older mice. Mice may need to be anesthetized or sedated for implantation.

Please inquire

MI1010

Lab Sendout Processing Fee
Shipping costs in addition to specific assay

18.93/hr UM Fee (Please inquire for external pricing)

MI1011

Complete blood count (CBC)
Hemavet instrument: WBC, RBC, Hb HT, NCV, MCH, MCHC, PLT, requires 50-100 µL of whole blood

$18.98 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1012

Blood smear (prep only)
A blood smear is a blood test used to look for abnormalities in blood cells. Manual preparation of blood smear.

$9.59 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1013

Reticulocyte count
Percent of reticulocytes in RBC count. 50-100 µL whole blood required.

$27.41 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1014

Blood Chemistry
Full Chem Panel Includes: ALB, ALP, ALT, AST, BUN, Ca, Chol, CK, Creat, Gluc, T. Bili, T. Prot, Trig, Electrolytes Mini Chem Panel includes: ALB, ALP, ALT, Ca, BUN, Creat, T.Pro, Gluc, T.Bili 270µL serum required

$49.83 Full Panel / $36.42 Mini Chem Panel UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1015

Blood Chemistry - Mini Liver Panel
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) tests. Require 50 µL serum

$20.39 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1016

Blood Chemistry - Renal Panel
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and Creatinine tests. Requires 50 µL serum

$25.95 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1017

Blood Chemistry - Additional Chemistries per animal
A La Carte price for individual clinical chemistry analyses

$5.05/chemistry UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1018

Urinalysis - Complete Panel
Routine analysis (Catalog #MI1019) + casts, bacteria, mucous, epithelial cells, crystals

$32.16 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1019

Urinalysis - Routine Panel
Determine color, clarity, specific gravity, pH, Protein, Glucose, Ketones, Urobilinogen, Bilirubin, Blood, #RBC and #WBC per HPF in urine.

$31.25 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1020

Urinalysis - Aerobic General Culture
Urine culture is used to diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) and to identify the bacteria causing the infection. This test will screen for Aerobic bacteria. The samples are sent to Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health (DCPAH) for testing.

$53.00 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1021

Urinalysis - Anaerobic Culture
Urine culture is used to diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) and to identify the bacteria causing the infection. This test will screen for Anaerobic bacteria. The samples are sent to Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health (DCPAH) for testing.

$34.97 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1022

Urinalysis - Fungal Culture
Urine culture is used to diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) and to identify the bacteria and fungus causing an infection. This test will screen for fungi. The samples are sent to Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health (DCPAH) for testing.

$41.39 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1023

Urinalysis - General Culture plus sensitivity
Urine culture is used to diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) and to identify the bacteria causing the infection. This test will provide a general culture plus sensitivity analysis. A sensitivity analysis is a test that determines the “sensitivity” of bacteria to an antibiotic. It also determines the ability of the drug to kill the bacteria. The samples are sent to Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health (DCPAH) for testing.

$61.27 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1025

White Blood Cell (WBC) Differential Count
White Blood Cell (WBC) Differential Count

$27.11 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1026

Verify Ampule (autoclave control)
Validation for proper autoclave temperature; indicator can be submitted up to 72 hrs after autoclave cycle.

$15.26 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1027

Necropsy Small Animal-standard
Selected organs collected from mouse necropsy. Typically liver, kidney, adrenals, heart, lung, GIT

$75.00 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1028

Full tissue collection starting with fixed whole carcass
Whole mouse carcass submitted in formalin fixative.

$78.00 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1029

Necropsy technician fee
Necropsy technician time required for catalog items MI1027, MI1028.

$60.00/hour UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1030

Decalcification
Decalcification of mineralized bony tissue. Variable lengths of time may be needed based on the extent of mineralization.

$10.40 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1031

Histology - Trim/Cassette (Paraffin or OCT)
Provide services to trim tissues and mount them in cassettes.

$12.00/tissue UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1033

Histology - Paraffin Process & Embed
Fixed tissue is processed through graded alcohols and xylene and ultimately paraffin embedded. Final result will be fixed paraffin embedded tissue in cassettes.

$4.50 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1034

Histology - Tissue Sections, Paraffin Unstained Slide
Paraffin embedded tissues are sectioned resulting in unstained tissue section(s) on slide.

$5.00 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1035

Histology - Tissue Sections, Paraffin H&E Stain
Paraffin embedded tissues are sectioned, mounted on slides, H&E stained and coverslipped.

$7.50 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1036

Histology - Tissue Sections, Frozen Unstained Slide
OCT embedded tissue is sectioned using a cryostat and mounted on slides.

$10.00 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1037

Histology - Tissue Sections, Frozen H&E Stained
OCT embedded tissues are sectioned on a cryostat, mounted on slides, H&E stained and coverslipped.

$11.00 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1038

Histology - Special Stain, Masson Trichrome (MTC)
Mounted tissue is stained using the Masson's trichrome three-color staining protocol. This special stain is used to stain for collagen

$20.00 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1040

Histology - Special Stain, Toluidine Blue
Mounted tissue is stained using the Toluidine Blue staining protocol. This special stain is used to stain for mast cell granules. Price is for paraffinized tissues, not for thick sections for TEM.

$20.00 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1041

Histology - Special Stain, Prussian Blue
Prussian blue is a common stain used by pathologists to detect the presence of iron in biopsy specimens, such as deposits of storage ferritin in bone marrow biopsy samples.

$20.00 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1042

Histology - Special Stain, Picrosirius Red
Picrosirius red is used to study collagen fibrils in different tissues.

$20.00 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1043

Histology - Speical Stian, Verhoeff Van Gieson
Van Gieson's stain is a mixture of picric acid and acid fuchsin. It is the simplest method of differential staining of collagen and other connective tissue.

$35.00 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1044

Histology - Special Stain, Gram
Differential staining for gram positive and gram negative bacteria

$35.00 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1045

Histology - Speical Stain, Luxol Fast Blue (LFB)
Luxol fast blue stain is commonly used to observe myelin.

$20.00 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1046

Histology - Special Stain, Warthin Starry
The Warthin–Starry stain is a silver nitrate-based staining method for the detection of spirochetes, Helicobacter, Treponema, and small bacilli: Campylobacter, Bartonella, Legionella

$35.00 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1047

Histology - Special Stain, Other
In addition to the listed catalog items of special stains, the center can provide other special stains that are not listed. Please consult with the center core personnel for your specific needs.

$30.00 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1048

Immunohistochemistry - Tier 1 (ALDH1, Amylase, aSMA, CD45R-B220, CD3, Caspase-3, F4/80, GFAP, GFP, Insulin, Ki67, Ly-6G, Lyve-1, Mac2, Neurofilament)
Immunohistochemistry refers to the process of selectively imaging antigens in cells of a tissue section using antibodies. This tier will assess the specific immunohistochemical markers listed in the name. The client must supply the antibody.

$33.00 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1049

Immunohistochemistry - Tier 2 Tier 2 (AE1/AE3 + 8/18, CD4, CD8a, CD31, Estrogen Receptor, Glucagon, c-erbB2/HER2, Progesterone, Von Willebrand Factor)
Immunohistochemistry refers to the process of selectively imaging antigens in cells of a tissue section using antibodies. This tier will assess the specific immunohistochemical markers listed in the name. The client must supply the antibody.

$38.00 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1053

Histology Technician Labor
Histotechnician time for immunohistochemistry and histology.

$60.00/hour UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1054

Pathologist Hourly
Slides are reviewed and interpreted by a pathologist. A report will be provided to the client.

$195.62/hour UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1055

Aperio 20X scan, Semi-automated, >50 slides
Digital capture of each slide at 20X magnification using Aperio Slide Scanner.

$15.00/each UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1056

Aperio 20X scan, Semi-automated, batch of 20-50
Digital capture of a batch of slides at 20X magnification using Aperio Slide Scanner.

$17.00/each UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1057

Aperio 20X scan, Semi-automated, each
Digital capture of large batch of slides at 20X magnification using Aperio Slide Scanner.

$19.00/each UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1058

Aperio Technician Labor
Technician time per hour for labeling, file mgmt. Digital capture of a slide with folding or other abnormalities requiring manual oversight using the Aperio Slide Scanner

$60.00/hr UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1059

Histology - Negative Control (mouse tissue)

$29.90

MI1060

Histology - Stain (mouse tissue)

$29.90

MI1063

Germ Free Mice - C57BL/6
Germ Free mice are free of all exongenous micro-organisms. They can be used in the Michigan facility or shipped to other facilities in germ-free shipping containers. Unit cost is per mouse and does not include shipping.

$26.24/ per mouse UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1064

Germ Free Mice - Swiss Webster
Germ Free mice are free of all exongenous micro-organisms. They can be used in the Michigan facility or shipped to other facilities in germ-free shipping containers. Unit cost is per mouse and does not include shipping.

$21.02/per mouse UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1065

Germ Free Mice - BALB/c
Germ Free mice are free of all exongenous micro-organisms. They can be used in the Michigan facility or shipped to other facilities in germ-free shipping containers. Unit cost is per mouse and does not include shipping.

$26.24

MI1066

Germ Free Mice - IL-10 Knockout
Germ Free mice are free of all exongenous micro-organisms. They can be used in the Michigan facility or shipped to other facilities in germ-free shipping containers. Unit cost is per mouse and does not include shipping.

$26.24/per mouse UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1067

Germ Free Mice - Rag1 Knockout
Germ Free mice are free of all exongenous micro-organisms. They can be used in the Michigan facility or shipped to other facilities in germ-free shipping containers. Unit cost is per mouse and does not include shipping.

$26.24/per mouse UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1068

Germ Free - Per Diem

2.25 / per care day UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1069

Germ Free Mice - Shipping
Germ Free Shipper is $800.00 plus the cost of shipping the animals using World Courier.

$800.00 + shipping costs

MI1070

Germ Free - Rederivation
Hysterectomy derivation of new germ free mouse strains. Requires submission of 10 breeding pairs of donor strain Includes date-mating, hysterectomy, fostering, and weaning of pups as well as all per diems for breeders, fosters, and litters, and screening for sterility. Does not include shipping or per diem beyond weaning age. Please contact Germ-Free Mouse Facility Director, Dr. Kathryn Eaton at kateaton@umich.edu for more information.

$5,000

MI1071

Germ Free - Technician Time
Technician time per hour for services including treatments, inoculations, fecal collections, body weight determination, blood and urine collection, etc.

$38.88/hr UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1072

Germ Free - Microbial community establishment
Please contact Germ-Free Mouse Facility Director, Dr. Kathryn Eaton at kateaton@umich.edu for more information.

Please Inquire

MI1073

Germ Free - Surgical manipulation
Please contact Germ-Free Mouse Facility Director, Dr. Kathryn Eaton at kateaton@umich.edu for more information.

Please Inquire

MI1074

Germ Free - Experimental Design and consultation
Please contact Germ-Free Mouse Facility Director, Dr. Kathryn Eaton at kateaton@umich.edu for more information.

$250.00/hr

MI1080

Histology - Special Stain, Oil Red O (ORO)

$30.00 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1081

Immunohistochemistry - Stain, Negative Control

$35.00 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1082

Immunohistochemistry - Stain, Non-IVAC Primary Antibody

$35.00 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI1083

Immunohistochemistry - Stain, Titration Slide

$41.00

MI1084

Immunohistochemistry - Stain, Frozen IHC or Immunofluorence Slide

$40.00 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2001

Catheterization of jugular vein
Catheterization of jugular vein

77.30/animal/procedure UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2002

Catheterization of carotid artery
Catheterization of carotid artery

100.10/animal UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2003

Catheterization of jugular vein AND carotid artery
Catheterization of jugular vein AND carotid artery

167.90/animal UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2004

Catheterization of portal vein
Catheterization of portal vein

140.40/animal UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2005

Catheterization of portal vein AND carotid artery
Catheterization of portal vein AND carotid artery

165.0/animal UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2006

Catheterization of stomach or bladder
Catheterization of stomach or bladder

56.40/animal UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2007

Partial pancreatectomy
Partial pancreatectomy

$50.70/animal for 60% removal $61.60/animal for 90% removal UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2008

Parabiosis (a surgical union of two mice)
Parabiosis (a surgical union of two mice)

$79.20/ procedure $62.60 to include the reverse surgery UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2010

Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT or IPGTT) including blood glucose and plasma insulin
Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT or IPGTT) including blood glucose and plasma insulin

$85.10/animal/procedure UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2011

Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT or IPGTT) w/o plasma insulin
Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT or IPGTT) w/o plasma insulin

$50.30/animal/procedure UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2012

Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT with dual surgical catheterization) including blood glucose and plasma insulin
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT with dual surgical catheterization) including blood glucose and plasma insulin

$290.70/animal/procedure UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2013

Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT with dual surgical catheterization) w/o plasma insulin
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT with dual surgical catheterization) w/o plasma insulin

$201.50/animal/procedure UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2015

Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test using portal vein delivery
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test using portal vein delivery

$35/animal UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2016

Insulin or Pyruvate Tolerance Test
Insulin or Pyruvate Tolerance Test

$50.10/animal/procedure UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2017

Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (3H-glucose + 14C-2DG)
Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (3H-glucose + 14C-2DG)

$479.00/animal UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2018

Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (3H-glucose OR 14C-2DG)
Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (3H-glucose OR 14C-2DG)

$420.80/animal UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2019

Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp w/o tracers
Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp w/o tracers

$392.40/animal UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2020

Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp using portal vein infusion
Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp using portal vein infusion

$35/animal UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2021

Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp + steady-state plasma NEFA
Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp + steady-state plasma NEFA

$34.30/animal UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2022

Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp + hepatic glycogen synthesis
Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp + hepatic glycogen synthesis

$54.70/animal UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2023

Hyperglycemic clamp
Hyperglycemic clamp

$412.40/animal UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2024

Hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic clamp
Hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic clamp

$378.30/animal with 2 tracers $447.20/animal UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2025

VO2 &VCO2 with spontaneous activity and food intake @Room temperature (22 °C)
VO2 &VCO2 with spontaneous activity and food intake (CLAMS, Columbus Instruments) @Room temperature (22 °C)

$43.60/day/mouse UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2026

VO2 &VCO2 with spontaneous activity and food intake, Thermoneutrality (30 °C) and/or cold (as low as 4 °C)
+subcu temp $8.70/per mouse, per day (3 day minimum) +IP temp $16.70/per mouse per day (3 day minimum) VO2 &VCO2 with spontaneous activity and food intake (CLAMS, Columbus Instruments) Thermoneutrality (30 °C) and/or cold (as low as 4 °C)

$51.60/day/mouse UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2027

VO2 &VCO2 with spontaneous activity and food intake, plus body temperature (implantable BMDS electronic transponder)
VO2 &VCO2 with spontaneous activity and food intake (CLAMS, Columbus Instruments) Plus body temperature (implantable BMDS electronic transponder)

8.70/day/animal, subcutaneous implantation (3 days minimum) $16.70/day/animal, IP implantation (3 days minimum) UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2028

Non-shivering thermogenesis using injection of norepinephrine (including 24hours acclimation at 30°C)
Non-shivering thermogenesis using injection of norepinephrine (including 24hours acclimation at 30°C)

$74.30/mouse, w/o anesthesia $79.80/mouse, w/ anesthesia (pentobarbital, IP) UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2029

Body Composition (Bruker Minispec LF 90II)
Body Composition (Bruker Minispec LF 90II)

$15.60/procedure/mouse UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2030

Body Temperature (microchips implanted)
Body Temperature (microchips implanted in sub-cu or IP under light isoflurane anesthesia, Bio Medic Data Systems)

$17.20/animal/procedure, sub-cu temperature (up to 10 measurements, 8am-5pm$22.90/animal/procedure, IP temperature (up to 10 measurements, 8am-5pm)$3.80/animal per each additional measurement UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2031

Digestible Energy Content
Digestible Energy Content including measuring food and/or fecal samples collected during a 48-hour single housing period (Bomb Calorimeter, Parr 6200 and 1108P oxygen bomb)

$78.70/animal w/o fecal collection $61.90 UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2032

Fat Tolerance Test, Oral gavage (olive or corn oil)
Fat Tolerance Test, Oral gavage (olive or corn oil)

$67.00/mouse UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2033

Fat Tolerance Test, Intravenous injection (20% Intralipid)
Fat Tolerance Test, Intravenous injection (20% Intralipid) including dual catheterization of jugular vein and carotid artery

$200.00/mouse UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2034

Hepatic TG Secretion (Poloxamer 407 or Triton WR-1339)
Hepatic TG Secretion (Poloxamer 407 or Triton WR-1339)

55.60/mouse UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2038

Automated Arterial Blood Sampling and/or Intravenous Infusion in undisturbed and unrestrained mice, Blood sampling only
Automated Arterial Blood Sampling and/or Intravenous Infusion in undisturbed and unrestrained mice, Blood sampling only

$220.30/animal (including surgery, 1-2 days acclamation, and one day blood sampling for up to 44 samples) $39.60/animal for each additional day (up to 44 samples) UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2039

Automated Arterial Blood Sampling and/or Intravenous Infusion in undisturbed and unrestrained mice, Intravenous Infusion only
Automated Arterial Blood Sampling and/or Intravenous Infusion in undisturbed and unrestrained mice, Intravenous Infusion only

$220.30/animal (including surgery, 1-2 days acclamation, and one day infusion for up to 24) $22.50/animal for each additional day (up to 44 samples) UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2040

Automated Arterial Blood Sampling and/or Intravenous Infusion in undisturbed and unrestrained mice, Blood sampling AND intravenous infusion
Automated Arterial Blood Sampling and/or Intravenous Infusion in undisturbed and unrestrained mice, Blood sampling AND intravenous infusion

$278.30/animal/day (including surgery, 1-2 days acclamation, and one day blood sampling and infusion) $44.90/animal for each additional day UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2041

Exercise Training
Exercise Training

$22.80/mouse/procedure UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2042

Test of Running Capacity (run to exhaustion), Without measuring VO2 and VCO2
Test of Running Capacity (run to exhaustion), Without measuring VO2 and VCO2

$44.10/mouse/procedure UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2043

Test of Running Capacity (run to exhaustion), With measuring VO2 and VCO2 (VO2max)
Test of Running Capacity (run to exhaustion), With measuring VO2 and VCO2 (VO2max)

$55.70/mouse/procedure UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2044

Running Wheel Activity (Med Associates)
Running Wheel Activity (Med Associates)

8.70/mouse/day UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2046

Body Weight Recording
Body Weight Recording

$6.30/mouse/procedure UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2047

Manual Food or Water Recording
Manual Food or Water Recording

$6.60/mouse/procedure UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2048

Orogastric Gavage
Orogastric Gavage: A medical process involving the insertion of a plastic tube through the mouth, past the throat, and down into the stomach.

$7.70/mouse/procedure UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2049

Pair-Feeding
Pair-feeding is a technique in which the amount of food provided to a control group of mice is matched to that consumed by the experimental group, so as to determine the extent to which the effect of a treatment on body weight or body composition occurred independently of changes of energy intake

$6.80/mouse/day UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2050

Rectal Temperature Recording (YSI 4600 precision thermometer)
Rectal Temperature Recording (YSI 4600 precision thermometer)

$15.50/mouse/procedure UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2052

24-hour Urine and/or Fecal Collection
24-hour Urine and/or Fecal Collection

$18.30/mouse/day (metabolic cage)$18.30/animal/procedure (manual fecal collection in home cage) UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2053

Tissue Dissection/Collection
Tissue Dissection/Collection (under pentobarbital/ketamine/isoflurane anesthesia or immediately after decapitation/cervical dislocation; tissues are immediately frozen in liquid N2, stored at -80°C, and delivered with dry ice)

$33.00/animal (up to 5 tissues except brain) $8.60 per additional tissue $17.10 per brain tissue (e.g. pituitary gland) UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2054

Tail Vein Blood Sampling (plasma or serum)
Tail Vein Blood Sampling (plasma or serum)

$10.90/mouse/procedure $1.20/sample for heparin plasma extraction (using heparin coated capillary tube), or $2.20/sample for EDTA plasma extraction (using EDTA coated micro tube) $1.40/sample for blood glucose (glucometer), or$6.80/sample for plasma glu U

MI2055

Retro-orbital bleeding (under isoflurane anesthesia)
Retro-orbital bleeding (under isoflurane anesthesia) $1.80/sample for EDTA plasma extraction (using EDTA coated micro tube) $2.60/sample for blood glucose (glucometer), $2.50/sample for plasma glu

$17.20/mouse/procedure $16.30 sample for heparin plasma extraction (using heparin coated capillary tube) UofM Fee, please contact for external pricing

MI2056

Tail Vein Injection
Tail Vein Injection

$8.10/mouse/procedure UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2057

IP Injection
Intraperitoneal injection or IP injection is the injection of a substance into the peritoneum (body cavity)

$9.70/mouse/procedure UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2058

Plasma glucose (using a colorimetric kit)
Plasma glucose (using a colorimetric kit)

$377.80 for up to 160 samples UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2059

Plasma insulin (using a ELISA kit)
Plasma insulin (using a ELISA kit)

$15.00/sample UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2060

Plasma NEFA (using a colorimetric kit)
Plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) (using a colorimetric kit)

$639.80 for up to 80 samples UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2061

Plasma TG (using a colorimetric kit)
Plasma triglyceride (TG) (using a colorimetric kit)

$387.30 for up to 80 samples UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2062

Tissue glycogen content
Tissue glycogen content

$40.40/sample UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2063

Tissue TG content
Tissue triglyceride (TG) content

$40.40/sample UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2064

Laboratory Assistance and Training
Laboratory Assistance and Training

$95.00/hour, plus material UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2065

Surgical Training and Supplies, Surgical cannulations of Jugular vein and/or carotid artery
Surgical Training and Supplies, Surgical cannulations of Jugular vein and/or carotid artery

$861.10/day including demonstration, hands-on practice and materials UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2066

Surgical Training and Supplies, Carotid catheters (micro-renathane)
Surgical Training and Supplies, Carotid catheters (micro-renathane) – 2 sizes for mice with BW 15-25g and 26-35g, respectively

$14.3/pc (mouse) UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2067

Surgical Training and Supplies, Jugular vein catheters (silicon tubing)
Surgical Training and Supplies, Jugular vein catheters (silicon tubing)

$6.20/pc (mouse) UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2068

Surgical Training and Supplies, Dual-catheter Exteriorizing Connector
Surgical Training and Supplies, Dual-catheter Exteriorizing Connector (for subcutaneous implantation between shoulder blades)

$35.30/pc (mouse) UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2070

APC Housing Per diem (Transfer of care from ULAM to APC)

$1.00/per cage per day UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2071

Breeding Colony Care

$1.90/per cage per day UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2072

Technician Time

$95.00/per hr UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2073

Data Analysis

$95.00/per hr UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2500

Spatial Object Recognition
Spatial Object Recognition

$95.00/hr UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2501

Novel Objective Recognition
Novel Objective Recognition

$95.00/hr UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2502

Morris Water Maze
The Morris water maze is a behavioral procedure widely used in behavioral neuroscience to study spatial learning and memory. It enables learning, memory, and spatial working to be studied with great accuracy and can also be used to assess damage to particular cortical regions of the brain.

$95.00/hr UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2503

Home Cage (Ethovision or Photobeam)
Home Cage (Ethovision or Photobeam)

Please Inquire for Pricing

MI2504

Open Field Test (Ethovision or Photobeam) Moto Activity
Open Field Test (Ethovision or Photobeam) Moto Activity

$95.00/hr UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2505

Open Field Test (Ethovision or Photobeam) Anxiety
Open Field Test (Ethovision or Photobeam) Anxiety

$95.00/hr UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2506

Elevated Plus Maze (Ethovision)
The elevated plus maze is a well-characterized behavioral paradigm, one of the most used tests for anxiety research. The maze contains two open arms and two closed (wall-sheltered) arms and relies upon the animal’s natural tendency to stay in enclosed spaces and their unconditioned fear for open spaces and heights. In short, anxious animals will spend more time in the closed arms than less anxious animals.

$95.00/hr UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2507

Novelty Suppressed Feeding Test
This task assesses the ability of the animal to resolve a conflict between a context that induces heightened anxiety and a drive to approach an appetitive stimulus. This task is also used as a marker task for assessing potential anxiolytic drug efficacy in humans, as mice require chronic administration of anxiolytics to show decreased anxiety-like behavior on this task.

$95.00/hr UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2508

Forced Swim Test
This task is used to assess depressive-like behavior (or a form of learned helplessness). Animals that are considered more depressive tend to give up sooner and more completely when faced with a high degree of adversity.

$95.00/hr UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2509

Tail Suspension Test
This task is used to assess depressive-like behavior (or a form of learned helplessness). Animals that are considered more depressive tend to give up sooner and more completely when faced with a high degree of adversity.

$95.00/hr UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2510

Conditioned Place Preference
Conditioned place preference (CPP) is a form of Pavlovian conditioning used to measure the motivational effects of objects or experiences

$95.00/hr UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2511

Wheel Running (home cage, low profile RF running wheels)
Wheel Running (home cage, low profile RF running wheels)

$95.00/ per day UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2512

Operant Conditioning
An operant conditioning chamber permits experimenters to study behavior conditioning (training) by teaching a subject animal to perform certain actions (like pressing a lever) in response to specific stimuli, such as a light or sound signal.

$95.00/hr UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2513

Locomotor sensitization/tolerance
Locomotor sensitization/tolerance

$95.00/hr UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2514

General Activity
General Activity

$95.00/hr UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI2515

Training
Training

$95.00/hr UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI30001

Optokinetic measurements of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity
Quantify the spatial vision of lab animal

$60/hr

MI30002

Retinal microstructure imaging by optical coherence tomography (OCT)
Acquire the microstructure image of retina in live animal

$60/hr

MI30003

Retinal vascular permeability
Quantify albumin leakage from blood vessels into the retina

$60/hr

MI30004

Retinal cell death
Measure retinal cell death with ELISA

$60/hr

MI30005

Electroretinogram (ERG)
Full-field dark-adapted and light-adapted ERGs for studying the electrophysiology and neural function of the eye

$60/hr

MI30006

Fundus imaging
Acquire fundus image of retina in live animal

$60/hr

MI30007

Intravitreal injection
Intravitreal (intraocular) delivery of test compound into the eye

$60/hr

MI30021

Sciatic Motor NCV
The sciatic nerve conduction assay measures conduction velocity of the largest caliber motor axons in the sciatic nerve. Isoflurane is used to anesthetize the animal and the procedure takes approximately 15 minutes per animal. The maximum number of mice per day is 18.

Please inquire

MI30022

Sural Sensory NCV
The sural nerve conduction assay measures conduction velocity of the largest caliber sensory axons in the lower leg (sural nerve). Isoflurane is used to anesthetize the animal and the procedure takes approximately 15 minutes per animal. The maximum number of mice per day is 18

Please inquire

MI30023

Intra-epidermal Nerve Fiber Density
Intra-epidermal nerve fiber density measures the small fiber nerve density in foot skin. Maximum number of mice per day is 18. Investigators should contact the center prior to harvesting the mouse to confirm proper processing. Failure to process tissue appropriately will destroy the small fibers.

Please inquire

MI30024

Thermal Hindpaw Withdrawal
Thermal hindpaw withdrawal measures the latency of withdrawal to a thermal stimulus. The assay takes several hours and the maximum number of mice per day is 18. Mice need several days to acclimate prior to testing.

Please inquire

MI30025

Cryoembedding
Investigators should make arrangements regarding the fixation, solutions used, shipping and the orientation of the tissue desired before animals are harvested and sent to core.

Please inquire

MI30026

TBARS
TBARS is a measure of lipid peroxidation. MDA (malondialdehyde) is formed from the decomposition of unstable peroxides of polyunsaturated fatty acid and TBARS is measured through a controlled reaction with MDA and thiobarbituric acid. Please contact core for tissue amounts and shipping instructions.

MI30050

Qualitative light microscopic renal histopathology
This includes evaluation of arteriolopathy, tubulointerstitial disease of any type, and general glomerular morphology.

Please inquire

MI30051

Quantitative mesangial matrix evaluation
PAS stain and morphometric analysis of mesangial matrix expansion.

Please inquire

MI30052

Quantitative electron microscopic measurement of glomerular basement membrane
Electron microscopic ultrastructural evaluation and quantitiation of glomerular basement membrane thickening.

Please inquire

MI30053

Podocyte counts/glomerulus
Estimation of podocyte density to assess podocyte loss.

Please inquire

MI30054

Glomerular harvest for protein or RNA
Isolation of glomeruli for molecular analysis.

Please inquire

MI30055

Immunoblot for glomerular lysates
Analysis of protein expression from isolated glomeruli.

Please inquire

MI30056

24 hour urine collection for albumin and creatinine
Metabolic cages are used to collect urine for analysis of kidney function.

Please inquire

MI30057

Spot urine collection for albumin and creatinine
Faster, but less precise, method for urine collection for analysis of kidney function.

Please inquire

MI30058

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) determination with minipump inulin clearance
Gold standard method for measuring kidney function employing subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipump releasing inulin, followed by timed collections of blood and urine.

Please inquire

MI30059

Tail cuff Blood Pressure (BP) determination
Standard noninvasive method for measuing blood pressure with miniaturized cuff using CODA® mouse tail-cuff system (Kent Scientifics)

MI4001

Study design consultation
Study design consultation for microbiome experiments. Initial consults are included as part of the MMPC.

MI4002

DNA extraction single plate with controls
DNA extraction using the MoBio PowerMag Microbiome kit for epMotion. Up to 94 client samples/controls and 2 core controls

$1264.53/plate UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI4003

Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing, V4 region 0.25 run
Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing V4 region MiSeq 2x250, PE- one 96 well plate, 0.25 MiSeq run

$1052.34/ quarter run UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

MI4004

Analysis of Sequencing Data - Mothur pipeline
Analysis of data of 16S rRNA gene sequencing data using the Mothur pipeline.

$51.13/hour UofM fee (please inquire for external pricing)

V3000

Jugular Vein or Carotid Artery Catheterization
Jugular Vein or Carotid Artery Catheterization (please specify in your order).

$75.90 (external)

V3001

Cannulation of cerebral ventricle
Implantation of a cerebral ventricle cannula allows investigators to evaluate physiological responses following central administration of various compounds. Anesthetized mice are placed in a digital stereotaxic apparatus (0.001 mm accuracy, Cartesian Instruments) specifically designed for mice. The dorsal scalp will be shaved, wiped with a betadine solution, and then a small midline incision over the dorsal surface is made to allow access to the cranium. After the affixed centering scope is used to "zero" lambda and bregma landmarks, a single guide cannula (2.5 mm length, 26-gauge, Plastics One) is positioned 1.0 mm above the lateral ventricle (coordinates: 0.6 mm posterior to bregma, 1.5 mm lateral to midline, 1.4 mm below the surface of the skull) and fixed to the skull using two stainless steel screws and dental cement. The incision in the scalp is then closed with surgical thread. Animals are removed to a post-surgical warming bed, and then individually housed for several hours until fully awake. Animals will be allowed to recover from surgery for a minimum of 7 days prior to testing, during which time a 30-gauge dummy cannula is left inside the guide cannula to prevent blockage.

$92/per mouse

V3002

Jugular vein and carotid artery catheterization
Arterial catheterization allows investigators to sample arterial blood as required for adequate glucose clamping (Niswender et al. J. Biol. Chem, 1997, Halseth et al. Am. J. Physiol. 1999) or other infusion/sampling purposes (Rottman et al. Am. J. Physiol. 1999) Catheterization of the right jugular vein allows the infusion of hormones, substrates, and tracers into the systemic circulation. The jugular venous catheter can be used to sample venous blood in long-term experiments because the jugular vein catheter will work for almost a month. Arterial catheters are made from polyethylene tubing (PE-10) that is connected to silicone tubing (0.3 mm I.D., and 0.64 mm O.D.), 25 mm long. Jugular vein catheters are made from silicone tubing (0.3 mm I.D., and 0.64 mm O.D.). These catheters are connected to stainless steel tubes (0.3 mm I.D., 0.41 mm O.D., 15 mm) bent into an L shape. On the free end of the L shaped stainless steel tube a 20 mm piece of micro-renathane tubing (0.36 mm I.D., and 0.84 mm O.D.) is attached. The L shaped stainless steel tubes, attached to an arterial and a jugular vein catheter, are bundled together with silicone tubing (0.76 mm I.D. and 1.65 mm O.D.) and anchored with silastic medical adhesive (Silicone Type A). The catheters and the micro-renathane-stainless steel tubing will be heat sterilized. The mouse is anesthetized and its skin on the interscapula and ventral surface of the neck is depilated by plucking. The depilated area is sterilized with 10% povidone-iodine. A small longitudinal incision (about 5 mm) is made in the skin over where the anterior jugular, acromeodeltoid, and cephalic veins join together. The connective tissues surrounding this junction are carefully removed. Two thin threads of silk (6-0 Silk, Davis+Gech) are passed under the jugular vein below the level of the junction. They are separated by about 3 mm. The cephalic thread, placed just below the joint, is tied to prevent bleeding. A small incision is then made just below the ligature, and the catheter is pushed 13 mm into the lumen. The catheter is fixed with the second thread and the thread previously used to tie the jugular vein. The common carotid artery is separated from the vagus nerve and muscle, and then two thin threads of silk (6-0 Silk, Davis+Gech) are passed under the artery. The cephalic thread is tied to prevent bleeding and then the artery is clamped by small bulldog clamp. A small incision is made just below the ligature, and the catheter is inserted into the lumen. The clamp is taken off and the catheter is pushed in 10 mm. The catheter is fixed with a second thread and the thread previously used to prevent bleeding. A blunt needle (16 gauge) is carefully inserted through the incision on the interscapula and pushed subcutaneously until the end comes out through the incision in the neck. The catheters will be carefully seized and pulled slowly through the needle. The incisions in the skin are then sutured. The catheters are connected to the stainless steel tubes. The bent portion of the stainless steel tubing is implanted under the skin and the incision is sutured. The implanted catheter is flushed with saline containing 200 U heparin/ml and 1 mg ampicillin/ml. Then the micro-renathane tubing is closed with a stainless steel wire. The mouse is injected subcutaneously with 150 mg/kg ampicillin. The total duration of the operation is about 50 min. Animals are removed to a post-surgical warming bed, and monitored until fully awake. Postoperative body weight and food intake are measured daily.

$136.40

V3003

Glucose Tolerance Test (Oral, i.p., Intravenous, or gastric catheter)
Oral glucose tolerance tests are performed on conscious mice with catheters chronically implanted directly in the stomach and the carotid artery. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests are performed on conscious mice with catheters chronically implanted in the jugular vein and carotid artery. Glucose will be given at 1g/kg or 2g/kg. These doses lead to peak blood glucose levels of 250 mg/dl to 400 mg/dl in wild type C57/bl/6 mice.

oral/ip: $36.30; With catheters: consult with Director

V3004

Glucose turnover
A primed (2 µCi) continuous infusion of [3-3H]glucose (0.4 µCi/min) is used to assess the rates of glucose appearance (Ra) and disappearance (Rd). Tracer is infused to allow a steady state to be reached then blood samples are taken to assess arterial glucose specific activity. Ra will be estimated as the ratio of the rate of infusion of [3-3H]glucose and the steady state plasma [3H] glucose specific activity (dpm/mg). Under steady state conditions, the rate of glucose disappearance (Rd) equals the rate of glucose appearance. The rate of glucose clearance is calculated by dividing the Rd by the arterial glucose concentration. Application of this technique is described by Niswender et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1997, and She et al. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2000.

Consult with Director - included with V3005

V3005

Hyperinsulinemic clamp
The hyperinsulinemic clamp is used to measure insulin action in vivo. Hyperinsulinemic clamps are performed on conscious mice with catheters chronically implanted in the jugular vein and carotid artery. A continuous infusion of insulin is given. Glucose levels are monitored in arterial samples every 5-10 min using an Accuchek glucose analyzer that allows the analysis of glucose with only 1 µl of blood. Glucose is infused in the jugular vein catheter at rates necessary to achieve the desired glucose level, based on feedback from arterial glucose measurements. These methods allow assessment of the responsiveness of the body to insulin. Blood from a donor animal is infused to maintain blood volume. By combining this technique with the tracer method one can also examine the impact of insulin on suppression of endogenous glucose production. (1, 2) 1. Ayala JE, Bracy DP, Malabanan C, James FD, Ansari T, Fueger PT, et al. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice. J Vis Exp. 2011:e3188. 2. Halseth AE, Bracy DP, Wasserman DH. Overexpression of hexokinase II increases insulin and exercise-stimulated muscle glucose uptake in vivo. Am J Physiol. 1999 1/1999;276(1 Pt 1):E70-E7.

$639/mouse with [3-3H] glucose + [14C] deoxyglucose (includes surgery and analysis and hormones)

V3006

Hyperglycemic clamp
The responsiveness of the pancreas to glucose is assessed using the hyperglycemic clamp. Hyperglycemic clamps are performed on conscious mice with catheters chronically implanted in the jugular vein and carotid artery. Our clamps include 11 arterial insulin measurements and 3 arterial c-peptide measures. A defined hyperglycemic stimulus is created using a primed variable glucose infusion to raise the glucose level to twice basal for 120 min. An established priming algorithm is used to elevate glucose quickly. Mice with extra copies of the glucokinase gene locus were demonstrated to have a blunted insulin response to hyperglycemia using this technique (Niswender et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1997).

$598 (includes surgery, insulin + c-peptide measurements and analysis)

V3008

Glycogen synthesis
Using [U-14C]glucose, the incorporation of the carbon of glucose into glycogen can be measured. If the ratio of [14C]UDP-glucose to blood glucose specific activity is assessed the fraction of glycogen formation from direct and indirect pathways can be calculated.

Consult with Director

V3009

Amino acid kinetics
The turnover of phenyalanine (3H ring 2,3,4,5,6 phenylalanine) , glutamine (U-14C-glutamine) and leucine (1-14C-leucine) is assessed by a primed continuous infusion of their respective isotopes for 2 hours (0.2-0.4 µCi/min). Blood samples (20 µl) are taken after a steady state is reached to assess plasma amino acid specific activity. Blood samples are mixed with an equal volume of 6% sulfosalicylic acid. Incorporation of tracer in tissue protein is used to assess tissue specific protein synthesis.

Consult with Director

V3010

Tissue specific glucose uptake
Tissue specific glucose uptake is assessed by measuring the tissue specific uptake of [2- 3H]-deoxyglucose([2-3H]DG). [2-3H]DG is infused (0.2 µCi/min) for 40 minutes or injected (12 µCi) . Arterial plasma samples are taken to determine the time course of [2-3H]DG during the 40 min period. [2-3H]DG is transported into cells and phosphorylated to yield [2-3H]DG-6-phosphate which is trapped in muscle. After 40 min mice are anesthetized with an intravenous infusion of pentobarbital and tissues of interest are rapidly removed and frozen in liquid nitrogen. This method has been applied during insulin- and exercise-stimulated conditions (Halseth et al. Am. J. Physiol. 1999).

Consult with Director

V3011

Tissue specific fatty acid uptake
Tissue fatty acid uptake is assessed by measuring tissue-specific incorporation of circulating 125I-BMIPP (Rottman et al. Am. J. Physiol. 2002). The beta-methyl modification of the long-chain fatty acid BMIPP (beta-methyl-p-iodophenylpentadecanoic acid) causes terminal trapping in the TCA cycle. Studies in man and a variety of small animal models, including rodents, have shown that BMIPP uptake and metabolism closely tracks that of endogenous long-chain fatty acids in a variety of normal and pathophysiologic states. BMIPP is dissolved in proprionic acid, and incorporation of 125I is catalyzed with CuSO4. After extraction, the purified 125I-BMIPP is dissolved in ursodeoxycholic acid, filtered, and adjusted to defined activity. This stable compound is suitable for direct intravascular injection. Serum levels are stable in tracer amounts after injection, and tissue incorporation is measured by gamma counting of freeze-clamped samples in protocols compatible with the simultaneous assay of, for example, [2-3H]DG.

Consult with Director

V3012

Indirect calorimetry / energy expenditure in the Promethion
Whole body VO2 and VCO2 is measured continuously in conscious mice using a Promethion system (Sable Systems Int). The system is sensitive enough to measure small changes in VO2, VCO2 and RQ. They can be used to measure resting or exercising (running wheels or treadmill) gas exchange and energy expenditure. The Promethion is very advanced, allowing for measurement and control of food or water intake. In the Promethion the animals are housed in regular home cages with normal bedding. Activity is measured using beam breaks and converted to pedestrian locomotion. Food and water intake are very accurately quantified. The system integrates all of these data to monitor behaviors and patterns. Body weight and composition is included and measured before and after the metabolic cages. All mice remain in the Promethion cages for 5 days with continuous data collection, allowing for acclimation while also providing extensive data. Full data is reported to the investigator in excel format.

$96.80

V3013

Exercise capacity/Exercise Stress Test (metabolic response to exercise)
Exercise is an integrated measure of fitness. Abnormal exercise capacity and decreased activity are a hallmark of most severe cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and changes in exercise capacity are sensitive and early markers of cardiac and metabolic dysfunction. Thus abnormalities can be revealed with exercise that may not otherwise be manifested. Gas exchange techniques can be used during treadmill exercise in the mouse to describe the metabolic cost of exercise. Substrate fluxes and metabolism can be assessed isotopically during exercise in chronically catheterized mice (Halseth et al. Am. J. Physiol. 1999). Treadmill exercise can be used to quantify the capacity of a mouse for either endurance or high intensity exercise. Peak exercise capacity and VO2 max will be measured using a closed gas exchange treadmill. Acclimated mice will exercise will at 10 m/min, 0° grade, increased to 14 m/min, 3 minutes later and then increased by 4 m/min a every 3 min thereafter up to 46 m/min or until mouse is exhausted. Exhaustion is defined as the mouse sitting on the shock pad and unable to get off. Time to exhaustion and speed at exhaustion is recorded.

$61.60

V3014

Spontaneous exercise activity
Spontaneous exercise activity is measured using a recording wheel placed in the cage during a 48 h period. The light dark cycle will be stringently controlled to minimize diurnal variations and training effects will be minimized by placing an identical wheel in the cage for the 24 hrs preceding the test measurement. Variables recorded include total distance traveled, peak speed and exercise duration.

Consult with Director - included with V3012

V3015

Food Consumption
Food consumption is assessed using an automated feeding apparatus that continually measure feeding behavior in an unobtrusive manner by allowing animals free access to food cups that are mounted on balances. The apparatus currently is capable of measuring and time-stamping individual weights from 16 balances simultaneously every 30 seconds and downloading the data directly to a computer for subsequent analysis. Therefore, cumulative food consumed and the time at which feeding bouts occur are continuously monitored. All feeding studies are done after the animal has acclimatized to the facility for at least 24 hours.

$4.20/day- included with V3012

V3016

Exploratory locomotor activity
Exploratory locomotor activity

Consult with Director- included with V3012

V3017

Assess real time imaging of cellular metabolic events
Assess real time imaging of cellular metabolic events will be done.

Consult with Director

V3018

In vivo optical imaging of gene expression
In vivo optical imaging of gene expression will be done.

Consult with Director

V3030

In vitro Morphology, Morphometrics and Histology (isolated heart)
A limited necropsy is conducted, noting gross observations, and removing and weighing the heart and lungs separately. After fixation, the heart is sectioned in a standard four-chamber view. Digital photographs on each heart is recorded and archived in a web-accessible format. Chamber and mural dimensions will be measured. The fixed hearts will be maintained in a physical archive, while one slice will be paraffin embedded. 4-5 sections will be cut and prepared for H& E and Masson trichrome. Digital photomicrographs will be recorded and archived together with summary evaluations. A cardiologist with special expertise in mouse cardiac development and histology reviews all gross and microscopic sections.

Consult with Director

V3031

Echocardiography, in vivo morphology, systolic and diastolic function; Stress echocardiography
Echocardiography is a non-invasive technique that can detect the presence of localized or generalized hypertrophy or thinning of the myocardium of the left ventricle (LV) and the presence of regional or global wall motion abnormalities associated with systolic dysfunction. The application of transmitral Doppler analysis allows the detection of abnormal filling patterns associated with LV diastolic dysfunction. The core employs two echocardiography systems, one for high resolution imaging and a high throughput lower resolution imaging system. Echocardiography can be performed on conscious as well as anesthetized mice. In addition to imaging under basal conditions, the mice may undergo stress testing following the administration of dobutamine. (1) Low-Resolution Echocardiography. A 15 MHz linear-array transducer (Sonos 5500, Agilent) is used for high throughput echocardiography in conscious mice. Measurements include LV wall thickness in the intraventricular septum and posterior wall, diastolic and systolic LV diameter, and heart rate. Fractional shortening and ejection fraction are computed as a measure of systolic function. This system also allows for transmitral Doppler analysis that can detect abnormal filling patterns associated with LV diastolic dysfunction. (2) High-Resolution Echocardiography. The Vevo 2100 Imaging System (VisualSonics) utilizes a ultra-high frequency 18-38 MHz linear-array transducer with a digital ultrasound system for superior imaging of mouse cardiac morphology and function as well as Doppler analysis. Measurements include those described for the low-resolution echo. In addition, the VevoStrain analysis software provides a highly sensitive speckle-tracking based echocardiographic imaging technique that offers quantitation of the velocity of the walls, displacement, strain, strain rate, and time to peak analysis.

$27.60 low resolution; $72.00 high resolution using VEVO 2100

V3032

Telemetry (in vivo chronic arterial blood pressure measurement)
Because of difficulties in making physiological measurements in anesthetized mice, a commercially-available system for recording mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, systolic, diastolic, and mean pressure are used. The primary probe is the PA-C10 which is completely implantable, reducing animal stress, and ensuring the most reliable data. Probes to measure ECG and blood glucose are also available.upon request. This service includes probe implantation, probe removal, data acquisition, and a partial probe refurbishment fee.

$593 per mouse for two week experiment.

V3033

Blood pressure measurements
Blood pressure (BP) represents an integrated measure of overall cardiovascular function, and is affected by stroke volume, heart rate, inotropic state, and vascular tone. Abnormalities of BP regulation (primarily hypertension, but also hypotension) are associated with major cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and are epidemiologically associated with diabetes and obesity. Three complementary technologies are available for the measurement of BP: 1) non-invasive tail-cuff plethysmography, 2) direct arterial measurement by intracarotid catheterization, and 3) telemetry via implanted catheter. (1) Tail-cuff Plethysmography. Plethysmography (tail-cuff) is performed using a tail-cuff BP apparatus (BP-2000, Visitech Systems, Inc.). This technology is non-invasive and there is good concordance with the direct BP measurements described below. (2) Carotid Catheterization. Direct arterial measurements are obtained via a chronically placed catheter in the carotid artery. The catheter is connected to a TXD-310 transducer and BP measured using a Digi-Med BPA 400 (Micromed). Experiments using this approach are typically coordinated with metabolic measurements. A dual catheter approach (arterial and venous) allows for BP measurements in response to specific pharmacological infusions in the awake or anesthetized state; and enables evaluation of both peripheral and central mechanisms of BP regulation. (3) Telemetry. Telemetered direct BP measurement is performed using an implanted micro-miniature device (PA-C10, DSI) implanted subcutaneously with the catheter typically placed in the right carotid artery. The mouse is housed individually in a cage placed over the receiver platform and BP data digitally recorded via the DATAquest A.R.T. system (DSI). Advantages of this approach include the ability to continuously record BP over a period of weeks, to assess the diurnal range in BP, and stress artifact induced by animal handling is avoided.

Tail-cuff Plethysmography-$8.40; Carotid Catheterization-$81.60; Carotid and jugular vein catheterization-$129.60; Telemetry-$593

V3034

Vascular morphology
A variety of tissues (heart, aorta, kidney, brain) can be processed in four µm sections. Aortic sections are examined for wall thickening, perivascular fibrosis, and fibrin deposition. The inner border, the lumen outer border, the tunica media are traced in each arterial image with Masson's trichrome stain and imaged at a magnification of 200X. The lumen ratio (the medial thickness to internal diameter and the area fibrosis (collagen deposition stained with aniline blue) surrounding blood vessels are calculated and compared. Perivascular fibrosis is determined as the ratio of the area of fibrosis surrounding the vessel wall to the total vessel area.

Consult with Director

V3036

Tail vein injections
Tail vein injections are done in the conscious mouse.

$7.20

V3094

Direct jugular vein injection and blood sampling
Direct jugular vein injection and blood sampling is done on conscious mouse.

$13.20

V3095

Myocardial infarction
Models of Cardiac Injury and Pressure Overload Cardiovascular complications in metabolic diseases typically represent additive or synergistic effects of compound insults, i.e. phenotypic stresses (hypertension, myocardial infarction, etc.) and genetics. The ability to superimpose phenotypic stresses on transgenic or knockout mouse models allows for comprehensive and reproducible screening for cardiovascular complications and consequences of metabolic disease and diabetes in the mouse. The core employs three widely used surgical models to induce cardiac stress or injury: 1) myocardial infarction, 2) myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and 3) transverse aortic constriction. Myocardial Infarction. The mouse myocardial infarction (MI) model is achieved by ligating a suture around the left main coronary artery of the LV thereby causing the infarction. The MI model is widely used for evaluating the response to myocardial injury or dysfunction. It also forms the basis for the majority of studies of myocardial repair, often obtained with stem cell injection. This model has been reliably implemented in the core with excellent survival, reproducible infarct size, and the ability to couple the infarction with long-term monitoring, stem cell injection, or metabolic studies. As an alternative to the coronary ligation method, an infarct can be induced by LV placement of a cryoprobe. This provides a smaller and more precisely sized infarct, with clear delineation of the border zone.

$72.00

V3096

Myocardial ischemia reperfusion
Models of Cardiac Injury and Pressure Overload Cardiovascular complications in metabolic diseases typically represent additive or synergistic effects of compound insults, i.e. phenotypic stresses (hypertension, myocardial infarction, etc.) and genetics. The ability to superimpose phenotypic stresses on transgenic or knockout mouse models allows for comprehensive and reproducible screening for cardiovascular complications and consequences of metabolic disease and diabetes in the mouse. The core employs three widely used surgical models to induce cardiac stress or injury: 1) myocardial infarction, 2) myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and 3) transverse aortic constriction. Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion. Myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury is achieved in the same way as the MI model, except the suture is occluded for 10-15 minutes of ischemic time followed by release of the suture and reperfusion.

$60.00

V3097

Transverse aortic constriction
Models of Cardiac Injury and Pressure Overload Cardiovascular complications in metabolic diseases typically represent additive or synergistic effects of compound insults, i.e. phenotypic stresses (hypertension, myocardial infarction, etc.) and genetics. The ability to superimpose phenotypic stresses on transgenic or knockout mouse models allows for comprehensive and reproducible screening for cardiovascular complications and consequences of metabolic disease and diabetes in the mouse. The core employs three widely used surgical models to induce cardiac stress or injury: 1) myocardial infarction, 2) myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and 3) transverse aortic constriction. Transverse Aortic Constriction. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or aortic banding induces a pressure-overload on the heart and is achieved by placing a constriction around the transverse aorta. A successful TAC is confirmed by Doppler analysis of the flow velocity across the aortic constriction. Myocardial remodeling in the TAC mouse can be sequentially monitored by echocardiography as the heart progresses from the compensatory stage to decompensation and heart failure.

$72.00

V3098

GFR-FITC-Inulin; HPLC Cr
GFR will be measured in conscious mice based on the decay rate of plasma FITC-inulin following a single bolus intravenous injection of FITC-inulin. This method does not require urine collection, and GFR can be periodically measured in same mouse. Additional approach for determining GFR in conscious mouse is based on creatinine clearance rate. Mouse 24-hour urine will be collected using metabolic cage. Plasma and urinary creatinine concentration will be determined using HPLC approach.

Consult with Director

V3099

Albuminuria
Mouse urinary albumin excretion rate can be determined by two methods: (1) measuring the albumin to creatinine ratio in spot urine sample; (2) measuring albumin concentration in urine collected over 24 hours using metabolic cage. Urinary albumin and creatinine concentration will be determined using cartridge-based DCA2000 (Bayer Diagnostics) or ELISA kits (Exocell Inc).

$15.60

V4000

Renal Blood Flow (Doppler)
Mouse renal cortical and medullary blood flow can be measured using a laser-doppler flowmeter (Tansonic Systems Inc). This system will also monitor blood pressure and heart rate. Renal function including urinary electrolyte excretion can be studied.

Consult with Director

V4002

Osmometer Plasma/Urine
Plasma and urine osmolality will be determined using a freezing point osmometer (Precision System Osmette). This measurement requires 50 µl of plasma or urine.

Consult with Director

V4003

Urine Ca/Phosphorus Excretion
Calcium and phosphorus are two important electrolytes in the urine. The concentration of urinary calcium and phosphorus will be determined using colorimetric assay (BioAssay Systems). The measurement for calcium and phosphorus requires 5 µl and 50 µl of urine, respectively.

Consult with Director

V4004

Urine pH
The pH can be determined in as little as 5 µl of urine (or other body fluid) using a Mini Combo pH Electrode (World Precision Instruments).

Consult with Director

V4005

Glycemic Control using Minimed
Blood glucose levels over 72 hours can be monitored in conscious mice using Medtronic MiniMed CGMS System (Medtronic). In this system, blood glucose level is determined based on glucose concentration in interstitial fluid. A correlation between glucose levels in the blood and interstitial fluid in mice has been previous demonstrated. A fiber probe will be implanted subcutaneously. This probe will detect interstitial glucose levels every ten seconds over three days and the signals will be stored in a glucose monitor. The probe will be removed after the experiment and the mice can be sent back to the researcher.

Consult with Director

V4006

Personnel Training
Personnel Training (experimental or surgical training)

Consult with Director

V4007

Surgical Training
Surgical training for a variety of surgery techniques (catheterization, telemetry, bariatric surgery, implants)

$58.30 (external)

V4024

Bariatric Surgery (Roux-en-Y, VSG, biliopancreatic diversion, sham controls)
Bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, vertical sleeve gastrectomy, biopancreatic diversion, and appropriate sham controls) . The modified gastric bypass in the mouse: In this procedure the stomach is bypassed and the food flows through the bypass arm directly into the jejunum. The biliopancreatic diversion procedure in the mouse: This procedure is historically thought to be a malabsorptive procedure and has several variations in the human. In brief, the biliary and pancreatic secretions are physically separated from gastrointestinal chyme flow until a point near the terminal small bowel. In theory this leads to significant malabsorption, though when this procedure is done clinically many times a gastric restriction component is also added.

RYGB $155; VSG $46.20; Biliary Diversion $47.30; Shams $46.20

V4026

Body Composition Analysis by NMR
Body composition analysis by NMR analysis (Bruker Minispec). This measurement does not require anesthesia of the mouse. Body composition will provide lean mass, fat mass, total body weight, adiposity (%) and % lean mass for each mouse.

External: $18.70/mouse. Internal (VU/VUMC): $8.00/mouse (self-use) or $17.00 (w/assistance)

Y4001

Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp experiments
The surgery is performed at 4-5 days prior to the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to establish a chronic catheter for intravenous infusion of substances (e.g., glucose, insulin) during the clamp. For this, a mouse is anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of ketamine and xylazine, and a catheter is inserted in the right jugular vein. On the day of clamp experiment, an overnight-fasted mouse is placed in an over-sized restrainer (i.e., rat-sized) for the experiment to be conducted in awake and minimally-stressed state. The tail is tethered using a tape for 2 hours prior to the start of experiment for acclimatization. A 3-way connector is attached to the jugular vein catheter for intravenous infusion, and the blood samples are obtained from the tail vessels requiring a small tail cut. A 2-hour hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp is conducted with a primed-continuous infusion of human insulin at a rate of 15 pmol/kg/min to raise plasma insulin within a physiological range (~300 pM). Blood samples (20 ml) are collected at 10-20 min intervals for the immediate measurement of plasma glucose concentration, and 20% glucose is infused at variable rates to maintain glucose at basal concentrations (~6 mM). Insulin-stimulated whole body glucose metabolism is assessed with a continuous infusion of [3-3H]glucose (0.1 mCi/min) throughout the clamps. Basal rates of whole body glucose turnover are assessed using a primed-continuous infusion of [3-3H]glucose for 2 hours prior to the start of clamp. All infusions are performed using the microdialysis pumps, and all procedures are approved by Yale University Animal Care and Use Committee. To estimate insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in individual tissues, 2-deoxy-D-[1-14C]glucose (2-[14C]DG) is administered as a bolus (10 mCi) at 75 min after the start of clamp. Blood samples (20 ml) are taken at -5, 80, 85, 90, 100, 110, and 120 min of clamp for the measurement of plasma [3H]glucose, 3H2O, and/or 2-[14C]DG concentrations. Additional blood samples (20 ml) are collected before and at the end of clamp for the measurement of plasma insulin concentrations. At the end of clamp, mouse is anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital injection, and tissues are taken and stored for biochemical/molecular analysis. The clamp experiment measures tissue-specific insulin action and glucose metabolism and includes the following measurements: 1) basal and insulin-stimulated hepatic glucose production, 2) insulin-stimulated whole body glucose uptake, glycolysis, and glycogen plus lipid synthesis, and 3)insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, glycolysis, and glycogen synthesis in individual tissues (e.g., skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, heart). Additionally, biochemical/molecular assays may be performed to assess tissue-specific insulin signaling activities (e.g., insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS, PI 3-kinase activity) and tissue-specific triglyceride contents. Further details of the clamp experiment can be found in the following references: Diabetes 53:1060 (2004), J. Clin. Invest. 114:823 (2004).

$380 Academic - $600 Industry

Y4002

Hyperglycemic clamp experiments
The procedure involves chronic cannulation of the jugular vein which is necessary for The surgery is performed at 4-5 days prior to the hyperglycemic clamp to establish a chronic catheter for intravenous infusion of substances (e.g., glucose, insulin) during the clamp. For this, a mouse is anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of ketamine and xylazine, and a catheter is inserted in the right jugular vein. On the day of clamp experiment, an overnight-fasted mouse is placed in an over-sized restrainer (i.e., rat-sized) for the experiment to be conducted in awake and minimally-stressed state. The tail is tethered using a tape for 2 hours prior to the start of experiment for acclimatization. A 3-way connector is attached to the jugular vein catheter for intravenous infusion, and the blood samples are obtained from the tail vessels requiring a small tail cut. A 2-hour hyperglycemic clamp is conducted with a variable infusion of 20% glucose to raise and maintain plasma glucose concentrations at ~16 mM. Blood samples (20 ml) are collected at 10-20 min intervals for the immediate measurement of plasma glucose concentrations using Beckman Glucose Analyzer. The area under curve of plasma glucose and insulin profiles is assessed to determine glucose-induced insulin secretion in vivo (i.e., pancreatic ß-cell function).

$380 Academic - $ 600 Industry

Y4003

Glucose Tolerance Test
Mice are fasted overnight prior to collection of a basal sample of plasma for determination of glucose and insulin levels. Mice are then given a 1 g/kg body weight injection of glucose and plasma taken at set time points for 120 min to determine plasma glucose and insulin levels.

Please inquire

Y4004

Custom Turnover Study
We are able to perform infusions to measure the turnover of a variety of substrates in vivo. Please inquire about tests we have performed or to design a custom experiment.

Please inquire

Y4005

Metabolic cage analysis (CLAMS)
Mice are housed in the Columbus Labs Animal Monitoring System (CLAMS) to determine energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry, physical activity, feeding behavior and drinking behavior. Respiratory exchange ratio and body composition by proton NMR are also included in the analysis.

Please inquire

Y4050

Amino Acids
BCAA and phenylalanine, gluconeogenic amino acids, and glutamate and GABA concentration, and 13C or 2H isotopic enrichments, are measured (as the trifluoro-acetamide n-butyl ester derivatives) using GC-MS (HP 5973MSD, Hewlett-Packard Instrument Corp., Palo Alto, CA). These measurements can be made in 20 µl plasma, or 50 mg tissue.

$15/sample (Academic) - $75/sample (Industry)

Y4051

Beta-hydroxybutyrate
Plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration, and 13C or 2H isotopic enrichments, are measured (as the TMS derivative) using GC-MS (HP 5973MSD, Hewlett-Packard Instrument Corp., Palo Alto, CA). These measurements can be made in 20 µl plasma.

$15/sample (Academic) - $75/sample (Industry)

Y4052

Free fatty acid
Total serum non-esterified fatty acid concentrations are measured using an acyl-CoA oxidase-based colorimetric kit (Wako NEFA-C, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan). For measurements of free fatty acid profiles, and isotopic enrichments, 13C, or 2H, the lipids are extracted from plasma with heptane/isopropanol. This solvent is evaporated and the free fatty acids are methylated using diazomethane), and analyzed by GC-MS (HP 5973MSD, Hewlett-Packard Instrument Corp., Palo Alto, CA). These measurements can be made in 20 µl plasma.

$15/sample (Academic) - $75/sample (Industry)

Y4053

Glucose
Plasma glucose concentrations are measured by the glucose oxidase method (Glucose Analyzer II; Beckman Instruments, Fullerton, CA). 13C, or 2H, isotopic enrichments, are measured (as the penta-acetate derivative) using GC-MS (HP 5973MSD, Hewlett-Packard Instrument Corp., Palo Alto, CA). These measurements can be made in 20 µl plasma.

$5/sample (Academic) - $25/sample (Industry)

Y4054

Glycerol
Plasma glycerol concentrations, 13C, or 2H, isotopic enrichments, are measured (as the tri-acetate derivative) using GC-MS (HP 5973MSD, Hewlett-Packard Instrument Corp., Palo Alto, CA). These measurements can be made in 20 µl plasma.

$5/sample (Academic) - $25/sample (Industry)

Y4055

Glycogen
Liver, and muscle glycogen is extracted with 0.9 N perchloric acid and 99% ethanol to precipitate glycogen. The glycogen from the pellet is dialysed, and digested to free glucose with amyloglucosidase. Concentrations are determined as described above for glucose. These measurements can be made in 10 mg tissue. Specific carbon labeling is determined by 13C-NMR (Avance 500, Bruker, Inc. Billerica, MA). Total 13C, or 2H, isotopic enrichments are determined (as the penta-acetate derivative) using GC-MS (HP 5973MSD, Hewlett-Packard Instrument Corp., Palo Alto, CA). These measurements can be made in 100 mg tissue.

$15/sample (Academic) - $75/sample (Industry)

Y4057

Long-chain fatty acyl CoA esters
Frozen tissue (~100mg), liver or muscle, is ground under liquid nitrogen and homogenized in 100mM KH2PO4, pH 4.9 and 2-propanol. Heptadecanoyl CoA was added as internal standard. Saturated (NH4)2SO4 and acetonitrile are added for phase separation solid phase extraction using Oligonucleotide Purification Cartridges (Applied Biosystems, Singapore). The cartridges are washed with distilled water, and then long-chain fatty acyl CoA esters (LCACoAs) are eluted slowly with 0.5ml of 60% acetonitrile. The eluent is dried, then reconstituted in 100µl of methanol/H2O for ESI/MS/MS analysis. Analysis is performed on a bench top tandem mass spectrometer API3000 (Perkin-Elmer Sciex) interfaced with a TurboIonspray ionization source in flow injection mode.Using negative electrospray ionization mode, LCACoAs are ionized predominantly to doubly charged form and yields abundant specific product ions from CID (collision induced dissociation). LCACoAs are quantified by monitoring [M-2H]2-/ [M-H-80]-.

$35/sample (Academic) - $70/sample (Industry)

Y4059

ADP, ATP
Tissues (50 to 100 mg) are extracted with 0.9N ice-cold perchloric acid. The concentrations of nucleotides, ATP, ADP, and AMP, in the supernatent are then determined by HPLC using a Supelcosil SAX1 (25cm x 4.6 mm x 0.5 _m) column using a gradient of 5 mM ammonium phosphate, pH2.8 (buffer A) and 750 mM ammonium phosphate, pH 3.9 (buffer B) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. A linear gradient is developed over 14 minutes at 0% buffer B to 9% buffer B, then from 14 to 32 minutes from 9% buffer B to 100% buffer B. A Rainin HPXL solvent delivery system (2 pumps) with a Rainin Dynamax UV-1 absorbance detector (254 nm) controlled by Rainin Dynamax HPLC Method Manager is used for solvent programming and data collection. Peak identification was assigned by comparison of retention times to known external standards (AMP: ~ 5.5 min, ADP: ~ 25.7 min, ATP: ~ 29.0 min). Nucleotide concentrations were calculated from the concentration standard curves of absorbance for the external standards

$15/sample (Academic) - $75/sample (Industry)

Y4060

Diacylgycerol concentration
Diacylglycerols (DAGs) are extracted from 100mg frozen tissue with chloroform/methanol (2:1, vol/vol) containing 0.01% BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene). ). Prior to the extraction, known amount of 1,3-dipentadecanoin and triheptadecanoin are added as internal standard. Extracted samples were evaporate to dryness and redissolved in 1ml of hexane:ethyl acetate (85:15, vol/vol). DAGs were isolated from triglycerides (TGs) by use of a diol bondedphase SPE column (Waters, Inc., Milford, MA) under vacuum. The SPE column was preconditioned with 4 ml hexane, the lipid extract was placed on the column and TGs eluted with 8 ml of hexane-methylene chloride-ethyl ether (89:10:1, vol/vol/vol). DAGs were eluted with 8 ml of hexane-ethyl acetate (85:15, vol/vol) into a second set of collection tubes. The solvent were evaporated to dryness under vacuum and redissolved in 0.5 ml of hexane:ethyl acetate (85:15, vol/vol) for LC/MS/MS analysis. Separation of TGs from DAGs was assessed by monitoring for the presence of triheptadecanoin in the DAG fraction. Analysis is performed on a bench top tandem mass spectrometer API3000 (Perkin- Elmer Sciex) interfaced with an APCI (Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization) source in flow injection mode. DAG species are readily ionized in APCI mode, and are quantified by monitoring _M+H-18_+/product ions from corresponding fatty acid moiety.

Y4061

Lysophosphatidic Acid

Y4073

Divalent Ions
A complete panel consists of three analytical tests. The cost for a complete panel is 3 times the price indicated for each analysis. A subset of the complete panel can be chosen. A serum metabolic panel is obtained using the COBAS MIRA system (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN). The serum divalent ions measured are as follows: 1) Calcium 2) Inorganic Phosphorus 3) Magnesium

Plasma $6.00 or Urine $7.20 each analysis (Academic) - $18.77 each analysis (Industry) - $7 per test batch for calibrators and controls

Y4080

Insulin
Plasma immunoreactive insulin is assayed using a double-antibody immunoassay kit and rat insulin standards (Linco Research, St. Louis, MO).

Avail. upon Request (Academic) - $30.00 per sample (Industry)

Y4081

Glucagon
Plasma immunoreactive glucagon is assayed using a double-antibody immunoassay kit (Linco Research, St. Louis, MO).

Avail. upon Request (Academic) - $30.00 per sample (Industry)

Y4082

Leptin
Plasma immunoreactive leptin is assayed using a double-antibody immunoassay kit (Linco Research, St. Louis, MO)

Avail. upon Request (Academic) - $30.00 per sample (Industry)

Y4083

Blood Glucose
Measures serum or plasma glucose levels by the Hexokinase (HK) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-P-DH) reactions. The test is performed on a Roche COBAS Mira Plus automated chemistry analyzer.

Plasma $6.00 or Urine $7.20 per sample (Academic) - $18.77 per sample (Industry) - $7 per test batch for calibrators and controls

Y4084

Blood Urea Nitrogen
Determination of "blood" urea nitrogen (BUN) is used as a test for renal function, usually in conjunction with other tests such as creatinine. The test is performed on serum or plasma using the Roche COBAS Mira Plus automated chemistry analyzer.

Plasma $6.00 or Urine $7.20 each analysis (Academic) - $18.77 each analysis (Industry) - $7 per test batch for calibrators and controls

Y4085

Blood Creatinine-HPLC
The quantitation of creatinine in serum or plasma can be useful in determining renal function, particularly in combination with the BUN assay. Creatinine is quantified by HPLC/MS/MS.

$6.00 per sample (Academic) - $18.77 per sample (Industry) - $7 per test batch for calibrators and controls

Y4086

Urine Creatinine-HPLC
The quantitation of creatinine in urine can be useful in determining renal function, particularly in combination with the BUN assay. Creatinine is quantified by HPLC/MS/MS.

$7.20 per sample (Academic) - $18.77 per sample (Industry) - $7 per test batch for calibrators and controls

Y4087

Blood Electrolytes-Na/Cl/K
For the determination of plasma or serum electrolyte levels (chloride, potassium, and sodium) using ion-selective electrodes on the Roche COBAS Mira Plus automated chemistry analyzer. All three analytes are measured simultaneously, and are therefore ordered and reported as a group.

$6.00 per sample (Academic) - $18.77 per sample (Industry) - $7 per test batch for calibrators and controls

Y4088

Urine Electrolytes-Na/K/Cl
For the determination of urine electrolyte levels (chloride, potassium, and sodium) using ion-selective electrodes on the Roche COBAS Mira Plus automated chemistry analyzer. All three analytes are measured simultaneously, and are therefore ordered and reported as a group.

$7.20 Per Sample (Academic) - $18.77 per sample (Industry) - $7 per test batch for calibrators and controls

Y4089

Blood Bicarbonate/CO2
Approximately 90% of carbon dioxide present in serum or plasma is in the form of bicarbonate. The remainder is in the form of dissolved gas and as carbamino-bound CO2. The measurement of serum or plasme CO2 content, when performed in conjunction with the determination of pH, is useful in the assessment of disturbances acid-base balance in respirator or metabolic acidosis and alkalosis. The enzymatic assay is performed on blood serum or plasma with a Roche COBAS Mira Plus automated chemistry analyzer.

$6.00 Per Sample (Academic) - $18.77 per sample (Industry) - $7 per test batch for calibrators and controls

Y4091

Blood Albumin
Elevated serum albumin is seldom encountered, and it is usually a result of dehydration. Main causes are malnutrition, descreased synthesis in liver diseases, proteinuria in the nephrotic syndrome, losses or decreased absorption in gastrointestinal diseases, carcinomatosis, congestive heart failure, and/or losses from extensive skin lesions such as diffuse dermatitis and burns. Determinations of blood albumin levels are conducted on the Roche COBAS Mira Plus automated chemistry analyzer, using the albumin-bromcresol green reaction.

Plasma $6.00 or Urine $7.20 Per Sample (Academic) - $18.77 per sample (Industry) - $7 per test batch for calibrators and controls

Y4092

Alanine Aminotransferase
Tha ALT test can be used for the diagnosis of acute hepatic diseases. The determination of ALT activity in serum or plasma is conducted on the Roche COBAS Mira Plus automated chemistry analyzer.

Plasma $6.00 or Urine $7.20 Per Sample (Academic) - $18.77 per sample (Industry) - $7 per test batch for calibrators and controls

Y4093

Aspartate Aminotransferase
This test is used for the quantitative determination of asparate aminotransferase activity in serum or plasma on the Roche COBAS Mira Plus automated chemistry analyzer.

Plasma $6.00 or Urine $7.20 Per Sample (Academic) - $18.77 per sample (Industry) - $7 per test batch for calibrators and controls

Y4094

Alkaline Phosphatase
Alkaline phosphatase is found in almost every tissue in the body. Most of the ALP in normal adult serum is from the liver of biliary tract. Elevation of alkaline phosphatase values occurs in liver diseases such as hepatatis, cirrhosis, malignancy, chemical toxicity, and in bone diseases such as metastatic carcinoma, rickets, Paget's disease, and osteomalacia. This test is for the quantitative determination of alkaline phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.1) activity in serum or plasma and uses the Roche COBAS Mira Plus automated chemistry analyzer.

Plasma $6.00 or Urine $7.20 Per Sample (Academic) - $18.77 per sample (Industry) - $7 per test batch for calibrators and controls

Y4095

Total Bilirubin
This test is intended for the quantitative determination of total bilirubin in serum using the Roche COBAS Mira Plus automated chemistry analyzer

Plasma $6.00 or Urine $7.20 Per Sample (Academic) - $18.77 per sample (Industry) - $7 per test batch for calibrators and controls

Y4097

Total Protein
This test is intended for the quantitative determination of total protein in serum or plasma using the Roche COBAS Mira Plus automated chemistry analyzer.

Plasma $6.00 or Urine $7.20 Per Sample (Academic) - $18.77 per sample (Industry) - $7 per test batch for calibrators and controls

Y4098

HDL Cholesterol
This test is intended for the quantitative determination of HDL cholesterol in serum or plasma using the Roche COBAS Mira Plus automated chemistry analyzer.

Plasma $6.00 or Urine $7.20 Per Sample (Academic) - $18.77 per sample (Industry) - $7 per test batch for calibrators and controls