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Publication
Direct animal calorimetry, the underused gold standard for quantifying the fire
of life.
Authors Kaiyala KJ, Ramsay DS
Submitted By Karl Kaiyala on 12/21/2011
Status In press
Journal Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology
Year 2011
Date Published 3/1/2011
Volume : Pages 158 : 252 - 264
PubMed Reference 20427023
Abstract Direct animal calorimetry, the gold standard method for quantifying animal heat
production (HP), has been largely supplanted by respirometric indirect
calorimetry owing to the relative ease and ready commercial availability of the
latter technique. Direct calorimetry, however, can accurately quantify HP and
thus metabolic rate (MR) in both metabolically normal and abnormal states,
whereas respirometric indirect calorimetry relies on important assumptions that
apparently have never been tested in animals with genetic or
pharmacologically-induced alterations that dysregulate metabolic fuel
partitioning and storage so as to promote obesity and/or diabetes. Contemporary
obesity and diabetes research relies heavily on metabolically abnormal animals.
Recent data implicating individual and group variation in the gut microbiome in
obesity and diabetes raise important questions about transforming aerobic gas
exchange into HP because 99% of gut bacteria are anaerobic and they outnumber
eukaryotic cells in the body by ~10-fold. Recent credible work in non-standard
laboratory animals documents substantial errors in respirometry-based estimates
of HP. Accordingly, it seems obvious that new research employing simultaneous
direct and indirect calorimetry (total calorimetry) will be essential to
validate respirometric MR phenotyping in existing and future pharmacological and
genetic models of obesity and diabetes. We also detail the use of total
calorimetry with simultaneous core temperature assessment as a model for
studying homeostatic control in a variety of experimental situations, including
acute and chronic drug administration. Finally, we offer some tips on performing
direct calorimetry, both singly and in combination with indirect calorimetry and
core temperature assessment.




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